Table 1.
Narrative summary of the association between depression and SHWP.
| Type of Worker | Number of Articles | Main Findings |
|---|---|---|
| Health providers | 7 | Prevalence of depression ranging from 10.8% to 67.9% among those who experienced SHWP [28,29,30,32,33]. On average, workers who experience SHWP score, on average, 9 points higher on depression using the COPSOQ II [17]. SHWP contributes 65.43% in developing depression, anxiety and stress in nurses [34]. |
| Military | 6 | Prevalence of depression ranging from 5.1% to 44.1% among those who experienced SHWP [14,25,27]. Significantly higher odds of experiencing depression (2.37 and 2.81) among those who experienced SHWP [24,27]. SHWP is a predictor of depression, even after accounting for confounders such as gender, pre-existing symptoms and prior stressors [16,23]. |
| Various workers (more than one type of worker) |
5 | Higher odds of experiencing depression among those exposed to SHWP [15,20,37]. ORs range from 1.92 to 2.05 if they are harassed by non-workplace personnel (e.g., clients) and 2.45 to 5.26 if they are harassed by coworkers or supervisors. Higher average scores of depressive symptoms in both men and women who experienced SHWP (2.39 and 3.81 points on the GHQ-28) compared to workers who have not been harassed (0.88 and 0.82) [22]. SHWP in the most recent year is associated with depression, even after accounting for previous depression episodes [19]. |
| Airline pilots | 1 | Overall prevalence of depression of 13.6% among victims of SHWP; however, it ranges from 11.4% if the harassment was experienced only once to 36.4% if experienced four or more times [36]. |
| Cabin crew | 1 | Workers who experienced one event of SHWP had 1.44 odds of experiencing depression, while those who experienced four or more events had 4.12 odds [8]. |
| Female academic and administrative staff | 1 | Workers who experienced SHWP had 3.47 higher odds of reporting depression [35]. |
| Female firefighters | 1 | Higher scores of depressive symptoms on the CES-D among women who experienced sexual harassment at work (20.60, SD = 16.85), in comparison to those without this history (13.46, SD = 13.32) [18]. |
| Fitness instructors | 1 | Higher scores of depressive symptoms on the BDI among workers who experienced sexual harassment at their jobs, in comparison to those without this history (Z = −2.4, p = 0.018) [21]. |
| Hospitality workers | 1 | SHWP is positively associated with depression (r = 0.24) [31]. |