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. 2022 Oct 11;23(20):12059. doi: 10.3390/ijms232012059

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© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Fabrication of two-layered hybrid scaffolds based on oxidized polyvinyl alcohol (OxPVA) and bioactivated chitosan sponges. The OxPVA solution was poured into moulds; hence, the sponges comprising chitosan alone (ChS); chitosan functionalized with the self-assembling-peptide EAK (ChS+EAK); chitosan functionalized with the self-assembling-peptide EAK + the laminin-derived sequence -IKVAV (ChS+EAK-IKVAV); and chitosan functionalized with the self-assembling-peptide EAK + the laminin-derived sequence -YIGSR (ChS+EAK-YIGSR) were carefully positioned over the polymer solution. After exposing the system to six freezing thawing (FT) cycles (one cycle: −80 °C for 1 h followed by room temperature (RT) for 1 h), the two-layered hybrid scaffolds (OxPVA/ChS; OxPVA/ChS+EAK; OxPVA/ChS+EAK-IKVAV; OxPVA/ChS+EAK-YIGSR) were obtained.