Table 1.
Characteristics of studies included in Meta-analysis.
| Reference | Study Design |
Sample | NFT Characteristics | Outcomes | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Experimental Group | Control Group | Type | Modality | Sessions | |||||
| N | Age (m ± SD) | N | Age (m ± SD) |
||||||
| Misaki et al., 2018 [26] | RCT | 16 | 30 ± 6 | 6 | 31 ± 9 | fMRI | Left amygdala | 3 sessions (6 min 50 s); visit 6, visit 7 follow-up | CAPS, PCL-M, MADRS, HAM-A |
| Misaki et al., 2021 [27] | RCT | 20 | 21–48 | 9 | 21–48 | fMRI | Hippocampal volume in the left amygdala | 3 sessions (6 min 50 s); visit 6, visit 7 follow-up | CAPS, MADRS |
| Zotev et al., 2018 [28] | RCT | 15 | 31 ± 5 | 8 | 37 ± 8 | fMRI with simultaneous EEG procedure | Left amygdala | 3 sessions (8 min 46 s); visit 8 | CAPS, PCL-M, HDRS, MADRS |
| Van der Kolk et al., 2016 [29] | RCT | 28 | 46.04 ± 12.89 | 24 | 42.45 ± 13.5 | EEG | T4, P4, A1; alpha | 24 sessions (30 min); 12 weeks, 16 week one month follow-up | CAPS, DTS, IASC |
| Du Bois et al., 2021 [30] | RCT | 10 | - | 9 | - | EEG | Pz channel: alpha (8–12 Hz) | 7 sessions (134 s) | PCL-5 |
| Leem et al., 2021 [31] | RCT | 10 | 44.40 ± 13.61 | 9 | 43.56 ± 19.1 | EEG | Pz channel: alpha (8–12 Hz)-theta(4–7 Hz) | 16 sessions (10 min); 8 weeks, 12 week one month follow-up | PCL-5, IES-R, BAI, BDI |
| Noohi et al., 2017 [32] | RCT | 15 | 25–60 | 15 | 25–60 | EEG | Mid and Frontal areas; alpha-theta ratio | 25 sessions (30–40 min); four time week; after 45 days follow-up | IES-R, BDI |
Note: RCT = randomized controlled trial; fMRI = functional magnetic resonance imaging; EEG = electroencephalogram; CAPS = Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale; PCL-M = PTSD Checklist-Military Version; MADRS = Montgemery–Asberg Depression Rating Scale; HAM-A = Hamilton Anxiety Scale; PCL-5 = PTSD Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Checklist-5th edition; HDRS = Hamilton Depression Rating Scale; DTS = the Davidson Trauma Scale; IASC = Inventory of Altered Self-Capacities; IES-R = Impact of the Event Scale-revised; BAI = Beck Anxiety Inventory; and BDI = Beck Depression Inventory.