DspC contributes to asexual reproduction, development, and response to stress by caspofungin in A. fumigatus. (A) Ten thousand conidia from the control and dspC deletion strains were point inoculated onto the center of GMM agar plates and incubated at 37°C for 96 h. Colony diameters were measured, and the conidia were harvested and counted. The results are expressed as means ± the standard deviations of conidia per mm2 colony diameter. All experiments were performed in biological triplicate. (B) One thousand conidia were inoculated onto coverslips submerged in liquid GMM, followed by incubation at 37°C for 36 h. The coverslips were then washed and stained with 2 μg/mL of Calcofluor White (CFW). Note the presence of lysed (black arrowheads) and intact (white arrowheads) hyphal tips in the control strain grown with caspofungin, while only lysed germlings are observed in the deletion mutant.