Figure 2.

Prospective treatments for ovary failure: (A) Histoanatomy of the ovary. Ovulation occurs after follicle maturation triggered by the menstrual cycle. (B) In vitro fertilization (IVF) is the current fertility preservation method for women undergoing cancer treatment. Oocytes are harvested after drug-induced ovulation and kept in cryostorage until ready for IVF treatment. (C) Ovarian tissue cryopreservation is increasing in prevalence. Thin slices of ovarian tissue are harvested and cryopreserved until after cancer treatment. The tissue is implanted orthotopically for ovary functionality restoration or heterotopically for endocrine restoration and possibility of IVF. (D) Tissue engineering could allow ovary replacement. Preantral follicles are harvested and cryopreserved ready for ovary replacement. Hydrogels are generally used as a scaffold to create an artificial organ that can be implanted in situ. Fertility has been restored in murine models along with endocrine function. Numbers indicate procedure order. Figure created with BioRender.com (accessed on 1 June 2022).