Table 2.
Probiotics and prebiotics for the treatment of chronic liver diseases.
| Disease | Probiotics | Prebiotics | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| Intestinal Leakage | Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium and Saccharomyces | SCFAs, Insulin | [35] |
| Lactobacillus plantarum MB452 | [36] | ||
| Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) | [37] | ||
| Eubacterium rectale, Clostridium coccoides, and Roseburia | [39] | ||
| NAFLD | VSL #3: Streptococcus thermophilus, Bifidobacterium breve, Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium infantis, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus paracasei, and Lactobacillus bulgaricus. | CLA | [60,61] |
| AFLD | Lactobacillus | Lactic acid | [79,81] |
| Levilactobacillus brevis HY7410 and Limosilactobacillus fermentum MG590 | [81] | ||
| Limosilactobacillus reuteri DSM17938, L. brevis SBC8803, and L. fermentum | [82,83] | ||
| AIH | Clostridium | Antibiotics SCFAs Bile Acid |
[113] |
| Clostridium with Bifidobacterium animal lactic acid 420 (B420) | [111] | ||
| HCC | Prevotella and Oscillibacter | [122] |
SCFAs, short-chain fatty acids; CLA, conjugated linoleic acid; NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; AFLD, alcoholic fatty liver disease; CHB, chronic hepatitis B; CHC, chronic hepatitis C; AIH, autoimmune liver; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma.