Table 1. Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics.
N (%) are presented for categorical variable; mean (standard deviation), 95% confidence interval [lower limit, upper limit] are presented for continuous variables; Shapiro-Wilk tests were used for tests of normality. Significant values of the Shapiro-Wilk tests are denoted in bold, p ≤.05, two-tailed. Control groups did not differ from PTLD for age, education, or gender.
| Group | PTLD n = 12 |
Controls (for fMRI) n = 18 |
Matched Controls (for DTI) n = 12 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 45.16 (13.62) [36.51, 53.82], W = .96, p = .72 |
47.01 (13.10) [40.49, 53.52], W = .86, p = .01 |
45.33 (13.76) [36.60, 54.08], W = .91, p = .20 |
| Male Gender | 7 (58.33%) | 6 (33.33%) | 4 (33.33%) |
| Education (years) | 16.17 (2.21) [14.76, 17.57], W = .97, p = .92 |
16.44 (2.01) [15.45, 17.44], W = .90, p = .06 |
16.00 (1.91) [14.79, 17.21], W = .86, p = .05 |
| Duration of illnessa (days) | 944.83 (1043.13) [282.06, 1607.61], W = .75, p = .003 |
||
| Antibiotic exposurea (days) | 190.17 (309.37) [-6.40, 386.73], W = .55, p < .001 |
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| Number of symptoms at MRI scanb | 8.17 (4.39) [5.38, 10.95], W = .94, p = .48 |
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| Neurologic symptoms | 4.50 (2.02 [3.21, 5.79], W = .90, p = .16 |
||
| Cognitive symptoms | 2.00 (1.35) [1.14, 2.86], W = .71, p = .001 |
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| Two-tier antibody positive at MRI scanc | 4 (33.33%) | ||
|
Initial Lyme disease clinical presentationd | |||
| Erythema migrans rash | 4 (33.33%) | ||
| Neurologic Lyme disease | 3 (25.00%) | ||
| Late Lyme arthritis | 1 (8.33%) | ||
| Flulike Illness | 4 (33.33%) | ||
| Beck Depression Inventorye | 18.42 (12.05) [10.76, 26.07], W = .79, p = .008 |
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aTotal days from Lyme disease onset (or start of antibiotics) until MRI scan.
bThe total number of symptoms reported at the moderate or severe level over the past two weeks on the Post-Lyme Questionnaire of Symptoms (range of 0 to 36).
cTwo-tier tests were interpreted using CDC criteria for positivity, which incorporates duration of illness at the time of the test.
dConfirmed through medical record review. Participants presenting with erythema migrans rash were not required to have a concurrent positive two-tier serology. Those with neurologic disease (n = 2 with Bell’s Palsy, n = 1 with meningitis/encephalitis), late Lyme arthritis, or an initial flulike illness were required to have a concurrent positive two-tier test.
eBeck Depression Inventory: Cognitive/Affective Subscale score.