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. 2022 Oct 20;23(20):12584. doi: 10.3390/ijms232012584

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© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Overview of LD degradation through lipolysis or lipophagy. TAG breakdown in LD is catalyzed by cytoplasmic or lysosomal lipase. Lipolysis is composed of three sequential catalyzations of TAG, DAG, and MAG by adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), and monoacylglycerol lipase (MGL), respectively. Lipophagy belongs to selective autophagy; that is, the LDs are engulfed into the autophagosome and are then fused with lysosomes to form autolysosomes, wherein the neutral lipids in LDs are hydrolyzed by lysosomal acid lipase (LAL).