TABLE 2.
Prevalence of haplotypes of Pfcrt, Pfmdr1, Pfdhfr, and Pfdhps in isolates of P. falciparum imported to Zhejiang Province from Nigeria
| Gene | Haplotype | Codona | No. of isolates (%) |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | Total | |||
| Pfcrt (n = 153) | Wild type | C72V73M74N75K76 | 33 (67.41) | 22 (53.66) | 22 (78.57) | 19 (65.52) | 4 (100.00) | 100 (65.36) |
| Triple mutant | CVIET | 17 (33.33) | 16 (39.02) | 4 (14.29) | 8 (27.50) | 0 | 45 (29.41) | |
| Mixed mutant | CVM/I N/E/D/K K/T | 1 (1.96) | 3 (7.32) | 2 (7.14) | 2 (6.90) | 0 | 8 (5.23) | |
| Pfmdr1 (n = 158) | Wild type | N86I107Y184 | 25 (50.00) | 19 (46.34) | 10 (34.48) | 12 (38.71) | 3 (42.86) | 69 (43.67) |
| Single mutant | YIY | 6 (12.00) | 2 (4.88) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8 (5.06) | |
| NVY | 0 | 1 (2.44) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.63) | ||
| NIF | 15 (30.00) | 19 (46.34) | 17 (58.62) | 18 (58.06) | 4 (57.14) | 73 (46.20) | ||
| Double mutant | YIF | 4 (8.00) | 0 | 2 (6.90) | 1 (3.23) | 7 (50.00) | 7 (4.43) | |
| Pfdhfr (n = 145) | Wild type | N51C59S108D139I164 | 1 (2.50) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.69) |
| Single mutant | NCNDI | 0 | 0 | 1 (3.57) | 2 (6.45) | 0 | 3 (2.07) | |
| Double mutant | ICNDI | 1 (2.50) | 1 (2.56) | 2 (7.14) | 0 | 0 | 4 (2.76) | |
| NRNDI | 1 (2.50) | 0 | 1 (3.57) | 1 (3.23) | 0 | 3 (2.07) | ||
| Triple mutant | IRNDI | 37 (92.50) | 38 (97.44) | 24 (85.71) | 28 (90.32) | 7 (100.00) | 134 (92.41) | |
| Pfdhps (n = 152) | Wild type | I431S436A437K540A581A613 | 1 (2.22) | 1 (2.50) | 2 (6.90) | 2 (6.45) | 0 | 6 (3.95) |
| Single mutant | IAAKAA | 3 (6.67) | 2 (5.00) | 1 (3.45) | 1 (3.23) | 1 (14.29) | 8 (5.26) | |
| ISGKAA | 17 (37.78) | 14 (35.00) | 12 (41.38) | 11 (35.48) | 2 (28.57) | 56 (36.84) | ||
| ISAKAS | 0 | 1 (2.50) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.66) | ||
| Double mutant | IAGKAA | 5 (11.11) | 3 (7.50) | 3 (10.34) | 4 (12.90) | 1 (14.29) | 16 (10.53) | |
| ISGEAA | 1 (2.22) | 4 (10.00) | 5 (17.24) | 0 | 1 (14.29) | 11 (7.24) | ||
| ISGKAS | 3 (6.67) | 0 | 0 | 1 (3.23) | 0 | 4 (2.63) | ||
| VSGKAA | 2 (4.44) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 (1.32) | ||
| IYAKAS | 1 (2.22) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.66) | ||
| Triple mutant | IAGKAS | 3 (6.67) | 1 (2.50) | 4 (13.79) | 5 (16.13) | 0 | 13 (8.55) | |
| VAGKAA | 0 | 2 (5.00) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 (1.32) | ||
| VSGKAS | 1 (2.22) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.66) | ||
| VSGKGA | 0 | 2 (5.00) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 (1.32) | ||
| ISGKGS | 0 | 0 | 1 (3.45) | 1 (3.23) | 0 | 2 (1.32) | ||
| Quadruple mutant | IAGKGS | 0 | 1 (2.50) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.66) | |
| VAGKGA | 1 (2.22) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.66) | ||
| VAGKAS | 1 (2.22) | 1 (2.50) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 (1.32) | ||
| Quintuple mutant | VAGKGS | 6 (13.33) | 8 (22.50) | 1 (3.45) | 5 (16.13) | 2 (28.57) | 22 (14.47) | |
a
The underlined amino acid of the haplotypes indicated that it was mutant.