Figure 6.

Hypothetical model summarizing the findings described. In mitochondria of control cells (left), phosphatidylserine (PS) is converted to phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) by phosphatidylserine decarboxylase (PSD). PE translocates to the mitochondrial-associated membrane (MAM), where phosphatidylethanolamine methyltransferase (PEMT) catalyzes the conversion of PE to PC. In ATP8B1 knockdown cells (right), PEMT is down-regulated, which leads to elevated mitochondrial PE levels that activate the protein complexes I–IV (IV = ATP synthase) of the electron transport chain (ETC) resulting in elevated OXPHOS and consequent increased ATP production and LDLR expression. Figure was created in BioRender.com.