α	linear term of the linear-quadratic model of clonogenic survival
αref	α for the reference photon exposure
ß	quadratic term of the linear-quadratic model of clonogenic survival
ß ref	ß for the reference photon exposure
DNA	deoxyribonucleic acid
DSB	double strand break
LEM	local effect model [6]
LEM IV	fourth version of the local effect model [26]
LET	linear energy transfer
LQM	linear-quadratic model of clonogenic survival [17,18]
MBM	mixed beam model [7]
MCF	Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, Florida, United States of America
MCF MKM	Mayo Clinic Florida microdosimetric kinetic model [33]
MKM	microdosimetric kinetic model [5]
modified MKM	modified microdosimetric kinetic model [9]
non-Poisson MKM	corrected version of the original microdosimetric kinetic model to account for the non-Poisson distribution of lethal lesions [8]
PHITS	Particle and Heavy Ion Transport code System [75]
PIDE	Particle Irradiation Data Ensemble [29,34]
RBE	relative biological effectiveness
RBES	in vitro clonogenic cell survival RBE for the surviving fraction S
r d	mean radius of the subnuclear domains
R n	mean radius of the cell nucleus