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. 2022 Oct 26;8(43):eabn3298. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.abn3298

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Fig. 3. — Microbial DNA in the cytoplasm activates cGAS (i). The cyclic GM-AMP synthase activity of cGAS generates cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) (ii). Binding of cGAMP to STING releases STING from the ER, allowing transport in COPII-coated vesicles to Golgi membranes (iii). STING facilitates assembly of the V_o-V₁ subunits of V-ATPase (iv). V-ATPase binds to the WD domain of ATG16L1, leading to recruitment of the LC3 conjugation complex (ATG5-ATG12, ATG3, and ATG7) and conjugation of LC3 to PE in the vesicle membrane. The precise identity of the vesicle membranes remains unclear, but they could be derived from the Golgi or endosomes.