Table 1.
Reward Deficiency Syndrome Criteria.
| GARS Score of 4 | With 1–2 Criteria | Mild |
|---|---|---|
| GARS Score of 4–6 | with 3 or more Criteria | Moderate |
| GARS Score of 7–9 | with 1–2 Criteria | Moderate |
| GARS Score of 7–9 | with 3 or more Criteria | Severe |
| GARS Score of 10 or more | with 1–2 Criteria | Severe |
| GARS Score of 10 or more | with 3 or more Criteria | Profound |
| Criteria Set ONE—DSM-5 Disorders | ||
| A present diagnosis, past diagnosis, or history of these behavioral disorders | ||
| Substance Use Process Disorders | Disorders: Alcohol Use Disorder, Opioid Use Disorder, Cannabis Use Disorder; Sedative, Hypnotic, Anxiolytic Use Disorder; Cocaine Use Disorder, Amphetamine Use Disorder, Hallucinogen Use Disorder, Nicotine Use Disorder, Inhalant Use Disorder, Other, Unknown Substance Use Disorder | |
| Specifiers: Mild, Moderate, Severe, Early Remission (6–12 months), Sustained Remission (12+ months), in a Controlled Environment, on Maintenance Therapy | ||
| Process Disorders | Gambling, Sex, Other Specified Process Disorders | |
| Depressive (and related) Disorders | Major Depression, Dysthymia, Disruptive Mood Dysregulation, SUD/Medication/Medical Condition Induced Depressive Disorder, Disruptive Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder | |
| Anxiety Disorders | Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Social Anxiety, Panic Attack | |
| Disorder, Separation Anxiety, Selective Mutism, Specific Phobia, | ||
| SUD/Medication/Medical Condition Induced Anxiety | ||
| Trauma and Stress Disorders | Reactive Attachment, Disinhibited Social Engagement, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), Acute Stress Disorders | |
| Disruptive, Impulse Control, and Conduct Disorders | Oppositional Defiant Disorder, Intermittent Explosive Disorder, Conduct Disorder, Pyromania, Kleptomania | |
| Personality Disorders | General Personality Disorder, Paranoid Personality Disorder, Schizoid/Schizotypal Personality Disorder, Anti-Social Personality Disorder, Borderline Personality Disorder, Histrionic Personality Disorder, Narcissistic, Personality Disorder, Avoidant Personality Disorder, Dependent Personality Disorder | |
| Obsessive Compulsive Disorders and Related Disorders | Trichotillomania, Excoriation Disorder, SUD/Medical/Medication Induced Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD), other Medical Condition, Induced Personality Disorder | |
| Schizophrenic Disorders | Schizophrenic Disorders: Schizophrenia, Schizoaffective Disorder, Schizophreniform Disorder, Delusional Disorder, Brief Psychotic Disorder, MH/Medical Catalonia, SUD/Medication/Medical Condition Induced Psychotic Disorder | |
| Dissociative Disorders | Dissociative Identity Disorder, Dissociative Amnesia, Depersonalization/Derealization Disorder | |
| Other Not Otherwise Specified (NOS) Disorders | Gender Dysphoric Disorder | |
| Paraphilic Disorders | ||
| Spectrum Disorders | Attention Deficient Disorder, Attention Deficient/Hyperactivity Disorder, Tourette’s Syndrome Autism | |
| Criteria Set TWO | ||
| Reported history of these symptoms: | ||
| Novelty seeking | This trait is associated with exploratory activity in response to novel stimulation, impulsive decision making, extravagance in approach to reward cues, quick loss of temper, and avoidance of frustration. | |
| Impulsivity | The construct of impulsivity includes at least two independent components: first, acting without an appropriate amount of deliberation, which may or may not be functional; and second, choosing short-term gains over long-term ones. | |
| Difficulty feeling reward (Anhedonia) | Either a reduced ability to experience pleasure or a diminished interest in engaging in pleasurable activities. | |
| Motivational Anhedonia | Decrease in motivation to participate in pleasurable activities | |
| Rumination, Obsessive, and Intrusive Negative Thoughts | Possible causes and consequences, as opposed to its solutions | |