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. 2022 Sep 30;12(10):1532. doi: 10.3390/life12101532

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© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Introduction to role of the complement system in liver cancer. Complement components participate in several biological processes involved in liver cancer progression by regulating the tumor microenvironment, tumor cells, and cancer stem cells. The complement system can modulate immunosuppression within the tumor microenvironment; contribute to the establishment of the premetastatic niche; accelerate tumor invasion and growth; induce extracellular angiogenesis; and induce cancer stem cells to exert their pro-tumor properties.