Effects of developed scaffolds on (A). ALP activity for 7 and 14 days (n = 3). Cells were treated with composites containing Alg-HA, Alg-HA-GO, and Alg-HA-GO-F, and the generated p-nitrophenol detected ALP activities. Error bars and columns represent standard deviation and means. Here, * at p < 0.05 and ** at p < 0.01 indicate statistical difference. (B). Optical density measured at 570 nm when solubilized with cetylpyridinium chloride solution. Scale bar = 150 μm. All data represent the mean ± s.d. of three independent experiments. * p < 0.05 and ** p < 0.01 compared with the control cells. Determination of calcium accumulation using: (C). Von Kossa staining after 14 days of murine MSCs culture, Scale bar = 150 μm (D,E). Alizarin Red S, murine MSCs cultured for 14 and 21 days.