Table 2.

Classes of repurposed drugs in COVID-19 infection.

Drug Class	Indicated Use	Drug Target	Impact on COVID-19	References
Antivirals
Daclatasvir/Sofosbuvir	HCV	NS5A inhibitor	Decreased the need for ICU and mortality rates	[49]
Danoprevir	HCV	NS3/4A protease inhibitor	Decrease in hospital stay and time to achieve viral clearance	[50]
Favipiravir	Influenza	RdRp inhibitor	Viral clearance in 7 to 14 days and decreased the need for oxygen	[51]
Anti-inflammatory
Imatinib	Cancer	JAK inhibition	-Decreased the duration of mechanical ventilation -Lowered the risk of respiratory failure and death -Chest CT improvement -Lowered the need for ventilator, decreased the severe biomarkers (LDH, CRP and D dimer) -Decrease in time of hospitalization and significant reduction in mortality rate.	[52]
Tofacitinib	RA	JAK inhibition		[53]
Ruxolitinib	RA	JAK inhibition		[54]
Methylprednisolone	Inflammation, immune system disorders	Decrease the proinflammatory cytokines		[55]
Budesonide	Asthma	Inhibition of proinflammatory cytokine production		[56]
Type I interferons	MS	Equilibrates the expression of inflammatory mediators		[57]
Other drugs
Telmisartan	Hypertension	Angiotensin receptor blocker	Anti-inflammatory effects and reduced overall mortality and morbidity	[58]
Bromhexine	Mucolytic	TMPRSS2 protease blocker	Mortality rate lowered when administered early	[59]
Niclosamide	Anti-parasitic	Modification of endosomal pH and inhibition of autophagy as well as virus replication	Decreased the recovery time, especially in patients with comorbidities	[60]