Table 3.
Indication, Oswestry score and VAS of pain; overall means, standard deviations and p-values. R-VAS—visual analogue scale of pain at rest, A-VAS—visual analogue scale of pain during activity, LT—long term, ST—short term.
| First Author | Year of Publication | Intervention | Follow Up | ODI Score Before | ODI Score ST | ODI Score LT | R-VAS | ST | LT | A-VAS | ST | LT | Significances |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Amorim AB | 2019 | Fitbit app | 6 months | 5.3 | 3.8 | p = 0.815 | |||||||
| control | 5.1 | 4.0 | |||||||||||
| Bailey JF | 2020 | Intervention | 12 weeks | 4.6 | 1.4 | ||||||||
| Chhabra HS | 2018 | Snapcare | 12 weeks | 7.3 | 3.3 | p < 0.001 | |||||||
| Control | 6.6 | 3.2 | p < 0.05 | ||||||||||
| Hasenöhrl T | 2020 | Unspecified app | 4 weeks | 17.1 | 14.4 | 3.2 | 3.2 | ||||||
| Huber S | 2017 | Kaya App | 12 weeks | 4.8 | 3.2 | 2.6 | p < 0.001 | ||||||
| Irvine AB | 2015 | Fitback | 16 weeks | 3.0 | 3.3 | 3.4 | p < 0.001, between control and treatment | ||||||
| Alternative care | 3.0 | 3.3 | 3.5 | ||||||||||
| Control | 2.9 | 3.1 | 3.3 | ||||||||||
| Shebib R | 2019 | Unspecified app | 12 weeks | 21.7 | 19.7 | 4.6 | 4.4 | 3.9 | 3.7 | ||||
| Control | 21.0 | 18.9 | 4.5 | 4.3 | 4.4 | 4.1 | p < 0.05 | ||||||
| Toelle TR | 2019 | Kaya App | 12 weeks | 5.1 | 4.3 | 2.7 | |||||||
| Control | 5.4 | 4.1 | 3.4 | p = 0.021 | |||||||||
| Yang J | 2019 | Unspecified app | 4 weeks | 5.9 | 3.4 | p < 0.05 for vitality | |||||||
| Control | 6.0 | 6.0 | |||||||||||
| Sum | Intervention | 4.9 ± 1.2 | 3.5 ± 0.5 | 3.1 ± 1.0 | 3.9 | 3.7 | |||||||
| Control | 5.2 ± 1.2 | 4.4 ± 1.5 | 3.6 ± 0.5 | 4.4 | 4.1 |