Time course of the changes in the adjusted mean cycloplegic objective and subjective spherical equivalent refractions (SER) and axial length elongation as a result of subgroup analysis in the subsequent subjects aged 8 to 10 years (n = 30 eyes comprised of 10 and 20 eyes in the VLf and control groups, respectively). The results were obtained using a linear mixed-effects model analysis. The adjusted mean change in the cycloplegic objective SER in the VLf group is significantly (p = 0.048) smaller than that in the control group at 24 weeks (A). The adjusted mean changes in the cycloplegic subjective SER in the VLf group are significantly (p = 0.012 and p = 0.008) smaller than in the control group at 4 and 24 weeks, respectively (B). The adjusted mean changes in the axial length elongation in the VLf group are significantly (p = 0.020, p = 0.015, and p = 0.016) smaller than in the control group at 4, 12, and 24 weeks, respectively (C). The black lines indicate the VLf group; the dotted lines indicate the control group. The error bars indicate the standard errors. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01. D, diopters. VLf: violet light eyeglasses frames.