Table 2. Linear mixed effects model estimates of the relationship between physical activity and alpha-diversity.

Physical activity measure	Chao1	Shannon	Inverse Simpson
	Estimate (95% CI)	Estimate (95% CI)	Estimate (95% CI)
Physically active (reference = No)	0.34 (-9.55, 10.23)	0.007 (-0.08, 0.09)	0.38 (-0.84, 1.60)
MVPA min/week (per pop. SD– 172 min.)	-1.12 (-5.79, 3.54)	-0.02 (-0.06, 0.02)	-0.24 (-0.80, 0.33)
Active transportation (reference = No)	5.86 (-3.52, 15.23)	0.03 (-0.05, 0.11)	0.24 (-0.92, 1.39)
Active transportation min/week (per pop. SD– 184 min.)	7.57*** (2.55, 12.59)	0.04** (0.0008, 0.09)	0.40 (-0.23, 1.01)

Linear mixed effects models were adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, body mass index, household income per person, education, census category, smoking status, diabetes, depression, proton pump inhibitor use, antibiotic use, carbohydrate intake, protein intake, fat intake, fiber intake, alcohol intake, average sedentary time per day, average sleep duration, and sample age. Models included random intercepts to account for clustering of participants by household.

CI, confidence interval; MVPA, moderate to vigorous physical activity; min, minutes; pop, population; SD, standard deviation.

* p < 0.1.

** p < 0.05.

*** p < 0.01.