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. 2022 Oct 25;10(4):e35000. doi: 10.2196/35000

Table 2.

Study design and Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool score distribution.

MMATa score distribution References Value, n (%)
Quantitative randomized controlled trial (N=4)


0 N/Ab 0 (0)

25 N/A 0 (0)

50 [68,69] 2 (50)

75 N/A 0 (0)

100 [70,71] 2 (50)
Quantitative nonrandomized study (N=10)


0 N/A 0 (0)

25 [72] 1 (10)

50 [73-77] 5 (50)

75 [78-81] 4 (40)

100 N/A 0 (0)
Quantitative descriptive study (N=19)


0 N/A 0 (0)

25 [48,82-84] 4 (21)

50 [49,85-89] 6 (32)

75 [90-94] 5 (26)

100 [95-98] 4 (21)
Mixed methods study (N=6)


0 [99] 1 (17)

25 N/A 0 (0)

50 [100] 1 (17)

75 [101,102] 2 (33)

100 [103,104] 2 (33)

aMMAT: Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool.

bN/A: not applicable.