Table 3.
Study characteristics.
| Characteristic | References | Value (N=39), n (%) | ||||
| Study outcome |
|
|
||||
|
|
Treatment | [49,70,71,74,79-81,85,86,90-92,94-98] | 17 (44) | |||
|
|
Education and training | [48,68,69,72,73,75-78,82-84,87-89,93,99-104] | 22 (56) | |||
| Sample |
|
|
||||
|
|
Students |
|
|
|||
|
|
|
Medical students | [48,68,83,84,87,89,101,102] | 8 (21) | ||
|
|
|
Nursing students | [72,77,78,104] | 4 (10) | ||
|
|
Health professionals |
|
|
|||
|
|
|
Doctors | [82,88,93,99,103] | 5 (13) | ||
|
|
|
Nurses | [73,75] | 2 (5) | ||
|
|
|
COVID-19 frontline workers | [80,81,100] | 3 (8) | ||
|
|
|
Mental health professionals | [97,98] | 2 (5) | ||
|
|
Patient health condition |
|
|
|||
|
|
|
Recovered in the ICUa due to COVID-19 | [49,71,96] | 3 (8) | ||
|
|
|
Depression | [95] | 1 (2) | ||
|
|
|
Chronic back pain | [70] | 1 (2) | ||
|
|
|
Cerebral palsy | [79] | 1 (2) | ||
|
|
|
Mild cognitive impairment | [91] | 1 (2) | ||
|
|
|
Chief complaints of fear of COVID-19 | [85] | 1 (2) | ||
|
|
General population |
|
|
|||
|
|
|
Healthy individuals | [69,74,76,86,90,92,94] | 7 (18) | ||
| Age range |
|
|
||||
|
|
Under 12 years old | N/Ab | 0 (0) | |||
|
|
12-18 years old | [79] | 1 (2) | |||
|
|
18-35 years old | [68,69,72,74,75,78,80,86,87,89,92,94,101,104] | 14 (36) | |||
|
|
36-55 years old | [70,81,85,95,97,98] | 6 (15) | |||
|
|
Over 55 years old | [71,90,91,96] | 4 (10) | |||
|
|
Unspecified | [48,49,73,76,77,82-84,88,93,99,100,102,103] | 14 (36) | |||
| Gender |
|
|
||||
|
|
Both male and female | [68-72,74,75,77-82,85,86,89,91,92,94,97,98,101,102,104,105] | 24 (62) | |||
|
|
Male only | [90,95,96] | 3 (8) | |||
|
|
Female only | N/A | 0 (0) | |||
|
|
Unspecified | [48,49,73,76,83,84,87,88,93,99,100,103] | 12 (31) | |||
| Nationality |
|
|
||||
|
|
Europe | [48,68,69,71,74,81,82,84,86,87,89,90,96-98,102-104] | 18 (46) | |||
|
|
North America | [49,70,72,73,80,83,95,99,101] | 9 (23) | |||
|
|
South America | [79] | 1 (2) | |||
|
|
Asia | [75-78,85,91,92,94] | 8 (20) | |||
|
|
Africa | [93,100] | 2 (5) | |||
|
|
Oceania | N/A | 0 (0) | |||
|
|
Various | [88] | 1 (2) | |||
| Outcome measures |
|
|
||||
|
|
Self-report questionnaire | All | 39 (100) | |||
|
|
Performance task | [68,78,79] | 3 (8) | |||
|
|
Semistructured interview | [95,101,104] | 3 (8) | |||
|
|
User session data | [95,104] | 2 (5) | |||
|
|
Focus group | [104] | 1 (2) | |||
|
|
Knowledge task | [72,73,75-77,100] | 6 (15) | |||
|
|
Physiological data | [73] | 1 (2) | |||
aICU: intensive care unit.
bN/A: not applicable.