Skip to main content
. 2022 Oct 13;8(10):1077. doi: 10.3390/jof8101077

Table 1.

Cumulative number of in vitro combinations results reported in the studies analyzed.

C. alb C. par C. gla C. tro C. aur C. kru C. dub C. lus C. kef All
S I A S I A S I A S I A S I A S I A S I A S I A S I A S I A
Azoles + Echinocandins
FLU + ANI - 6 - - 4 - 4 9 1 - 6 - - - - - 4 - - - - - - - - - - 4 29 1
FLU + CAS - 2 - - - - - 8 2 - 2 - - - - - 2 - - - - - - - - - - 0 14 2
FLU + MICA - - - - - - 3 2 5 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 3 2 5
ISV + ANI - - - - - - - - - - - - 12 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 12 0 0
ISV + CAS - - - - - - - - - - - - 12 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 12 0 0
ISV + MICA 1 - - 1 - - - - 1 - 1 - 12 - - 1 - - - - - - - - - - - 15 1 1
ITZ + ANI - 4 - - 2 - 1 3 - - 4 - - - - - 2 - - - - - - - - - - 1 15 0
KTZ + ANI - 4 - - 2 - - 4 - - - 4 - - - - 2 - - - - - - - - - - 0 12 4
POS + ANI - - - - - - 7 3 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 7 3 0
POS + CAS 10 - - - - - 8 2 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 18 2 0
POS + MICA - - - - - - 3 7 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 3 7 0
VRC + ANI - - - - 1 - 7 3 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 7 4 0
VRC + CAS - 30 - - 1 - 17 59 5 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 17 90 5
VRC + MICA 1 54 - - 13 - 3 16 3 - - - - - - - - - - 19 - - - - - - - 4 102 3
Polyenes + Echinocandins
AMB + ANI 3 4 - 3 4 - 4 9 1 3 4 - - - - - 2 - - - - - - - - - - 13 23 1
AMB + CAS 4 7 - - 6 - 20 54 6 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 24 67 6
AMB + MICA 4 33 - 7 10 - 3 21 3 7 8 - - - - 9 26 - 7 13 - - 10 - - - - 37 121 3
Polyenes + Azoles
AMB + FLU - 3 4 3 37 20 1 - - - 1 - - - - - 1 - - - - - - - - - - 4 42 24
AMB + VRC - - - - 35 25 28 40 10 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 28 75 35
AMB + POS - 10 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0 10 0
5-FC combination
5-FC + AMB 5 4 5 12 35 13 55 23 6 1 - - 16 6 2 - 1 - - - - - - - - - - 89 69 26
5-FC + ANI - 4 - - 4 - - 4 - - 4 - 6 9 - - 2 - - - - - - - - - - 6 27 0
5-FC + CAS - - - - - - 26 41 1 - - - 6 9 - - - - - - - - - - - - - 32 50 1
5-FC + FLU 6 1 5 4 40 16 1 1 14 1 - - - - - 1 10 - - - - - - - - - - 13 52 35
5-FC + ITZ - - - - - - 22 37 9 - - - - 15 - - - - - - - - - - - - - 22 52 9
5-FC + ISA - - - - - - - - - - - - - 15 - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0 15 0
5-FC + KTZ - - - - - - 2 26 40 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2 26 40
5-FC + MICA - - - - - - - - - - - - 6 9 - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6 9 0
5-FC + POS - - - - - - - - - - - - - 15 - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0 15 0
5-FC + VRC - - - 10 37 13 25 37 6 - - - 13 2 - - - - - - - - - - - - - 48 76 19
Other combinations
ANI + NIK 4 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4 0 0
CAS + NIK 4 2 - - 5 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4 7 0
CAS + TER 40 19 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 41 - - - - 26 - - 66 60 0
FLU + TER 3 4 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 3 4 0
FLU + VRC - - - 15 40 5 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 15 40 5
ITZ + VRC - - - - - - 19 41 8 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 19 41 8
MICA + NIK 10 - - 4 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 14 1 0

The table included results regardless the methods used to assess the interaction between antifungals. Reports with specific endpoints or using more than two antifungals in combinations were not included. Interactions for checkerboards were defined as synergistic (S) if the FIC index (FICI) was ≤0.5, indifferent (I) if 0.5 ≤ FICI ≤ 4.0, and antagonistic (A) if FICI was >4.0. Interactions for time kill assays were defined as synergistic (S) if combination resulted in a CFU reduction >2Log compared to most active drug, indifferent (I) if the combination yielded a CFU number ≤±2Log compared to the most active drug, and antagonistic (A) if the CFU number of the combinations was higher than 2Log compared to the most active drug. Abbreviations: C. alb, C. albicans; C. par, C. parapsilosis; C. gla, C. glabrata; C. tro, C. tropicalis; C. aur, C. auris; C. kru, C. krusei; C. dub, C. dubliniensis; C. lus, C. lusitaniae, C. kef, C. kefyr; ISV, isavuconazole; ANI, anidulafungin; CAS, caspofungin; MICA, micafungin; AMB, amphotericin; 5-FC, 5-flucytosine; POS, posaconazole; ITZ, itraconazole; VRC, voriconazole; NIK, nikkomicin Z; FLU, fluconazole; TER, terbinafine; KTZ, ketoconazole.