ATA	Ascending thoracic aorta
ACTA	Alfa actine
AS	Aortic stenosis
AR	Aortic regurgitation
AV	Aortic valve
AVK	Anti-vitamin K
AVR	Aortic valve replacement
AXIN	gene encodes a cytoplasmic protein, which contains a regulation of G-protein signaling (RGS) domain and a disheveled and axin (DIX) domain
BAV	Bicuspid aortic valve
CABG	Coronary artery bypass grafting
CCT	Cardiac computed tomography
CineMR	Cine magnetic resonance
CMR 4D-flow	Time-resolved three-dimensional phase-contrast cardiovascular magnetic resonance
COR	Class of recommendation
CT	Computed tomography
DA	Descending aorta
E	Young’s elastic module
EMT	Epithelial–mesenchymal transition
EndMT	Endothelial–mesenchymal transition
ENG	Endoglin
eNOS	Endothelium-derived nitric oxide synthetase
Erb	Tyrosine kinase receptor
FBN 1	Fibrillin 1
FJA	flow jet angle
GATA	sequence for transcription factors for zinc proteins’ binding DNA sequence
IPRF	In-plane rotational flow
LOE	Level of evidence
LVOT	Left ventricular outflow tract
MAPK	Mitogen-activated protein kinase
miRNA	Micro-RNA
MMP	Metalloproteinases
MR	Magnetic resonance
MRI	Magnetic resonance Imaging
NFD	normalized flow displacement
NOTCH1	gene encoding transmembrane proteins
NOS3	nitric oxide synthase 3
PA	pulmonary autograft
PDIA2	Protein disulfide isomerase family A member 2
PECAM	Platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule
PWV	Pulse wave velocity
SFRR	systolic flow reversal ratio
SMAD 2	similar mothers against decapentaplegic Drosophila gene 2
SNP	single nucleotide polymorphism
STJ	Sinotubular junction
TA	Thoracic aorta
TAVR	Transcatheter aortic valve replacement
TEE	transesophageal echocardiography
TGF	Transforming growth factor
TIMP	Tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases
TTE	Transthoracic Echocardiography
VSMCs	Vascular smooth muscle cells
VBR	Virtual Basal Ring
WSS	Wall Shear Stress
Γ	circulation
ω	vorticity