| AR | augmented reality |
| DOF | degrees of freedom |
| GUI | graphical user interface |
| HMD | head-mounted displays |
| HRI | human–robot interaction |
| MR | mixed reality |
| OR | operating room |
| PSP | pedicle screw placement |
| UDP | user datagram protocol |
| AR | augmented reality |
| DOF | degrees of freedom |
| GUI | graphical user interface |
| HMD | head-mounted displays |
| HRI | human–robot interaction |
| MR | mixed reality |
| OR | operating room |
| PSP | pedicle screw placement |
| UDP | user datagram protocol |