Table 1.
The baseline characteristics of HF patients according to the TyG quartile.
| Q1 (n = 224) | Q2 (n = 228) | Q3 (n = 225) | Q4 (n = 224) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, yrs | 0.152 | ||||
| <60 | 13 (5.8) | 15 (6.6) | 15 (6.7) | 25 (11.2) | |
| 60∼80 | 112 (50.0) | 107 (46.9) | 122 (54.2) | 115 (51.3) | |
| >80 | 99 (44.2) | 106 (46.5) | 88 (39.1) | 84 (37.5) | |
| Male, % | 108 (48.2) | 115 (50.4) | 104 (46.2) | 74 (33.0) | 0.001 |
| sBP, mmHg | 128.9 ± 23.9 | 133.2 ± 25.5 | 132.7 ± 23.5 | 134.8 ± 28.2 | 0.09 |
| dBP, mmHg | 75.0 ± 13.1 | 78.1 ± 13.8 | 77.3 ± 14.1 | 77.8 ± 17.2 | 0.103 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 20.9 ± 3.8 | 21.3 ± 3.5 | 21.4 ± 4.2 | 21.8 ± 4.6 | 0.142 |
| NYHA, % | 0.965 | ||||
| II | 37 (16.5) | 37 (16.2) | 35 (15.6) | 36 (16.1) | |
| III | 106 (47.3) | 105 (46.1) | 115 (51.1) | 110 (49.1) | |
| IV | 81 (36.2) | 86 (37.7) | 75 (33.3) | 78 (34.8) | |
| MI, % | 16 (7.1) | 14 (6.1) | 22 (9.8) | 22 (9.8) | 0.371 |
| CHF, % | 206 (92.0) | 218 (95.6) | 206 (91.6) | 208 (92.9) | 0.322 |
| Hypertension, % | 69 (30.8) | 89 (39.0) | 81 (36.0) | 90 (40.2) | 0.165 |
| PAD, % | 11 (4.9) | 21 (9.2) | 12 (5.3) | 11 (4.9) | 0.159 |
| DM, % | 29 (12.9) | 41 (18.0) | 50 (22.2) | 112 (50.0) | <0.001 |
| CKD, % | 48 (21.4) | 55 (24.1) | 48 (21.3) | 68 (30.4) | 0.088 |
| LVEF, % | 53.2 ± 12.9 | 49.6 ± 13.8 | 48.1 ± 13.1 | 52.1 ± 13.2 | <0.001 |
| LVEDD, mm | 53.6 ± 11.1 | 53.2 ± 10.6 | 54.9 ± 9.6 | 51.2 ± 9.8 | 0.002 |
| HsCRP, mg/L | 23.8 ± 34.4 | 26.7 ± 34.5 | 20.7 ± 31.3 | 29.6 ± 40.5 | 0.053 |
| BNP, pg/mL | 1260 ± 1312 | 1534 ± 1488 | 1496 ± 1517 | 1234 ± 1380 | 0.045 |
| Albumin, g/L | 35.32 ± 4.53 | 35.82 ± 4.70 | 36.61 ± 4.73 | 36.86 ± 5.31 | 0.002 |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 76.4 ± 41.6 | 69.3 ± 35.7 | 66.9 ± 31.4 | 66.2 ± 38.2 | 0.014 |
| Cholesterol, mmol/L | 3.22 ± 0.92 | 3.63 ± 0.93 | 3.87 ± 0.97 | 4.37 ± 1.36 | <0.001 |
| LDL, mmol/L | 1.47 ± 0.60 | 1.81 ± 0.65 | 1.99 ± 0.69 | 2.25 ± 0.95 | <0.001 |
| HDL, mmol/L | 1.16 ± 0.40 | 1.11 ± 0.36 | 1.14 ± 0.35 | 1.08 ± 0.33 | 0.079 |
| Triglyceride, mmol/L | 0.63 ± 0.16 | 0.87 ± 0.21 | 1.07 ± 0.26 | 1.97 ± 1.75 | <0.001 |
| Glucose, mmol/L | 5.48 ± 1.38 | 6.54 ± 1.69 | 7.89 ± 2.32 | 11.64 ± 5.97 | <0.001 |
| TyG index | 7.03 ± 0.25 | 7.53 ± 0.10 | 7.91 ± 0.13 | 8.73 ± 0.55 | <0.001 |
| ACEI/ARB | 168 (75.0) | 181 (79.4) | 169 (75.1) | 170 (75.9) | 0.428 |
| MRA | 190 (84.8) | 192 (84.2) | 191 (84.9) | 189 (84.4) | 0.634 |
| Death_1M | 5 (2.2) | 5 (2.2) | 5 (2.2) | 9 (4.0) | 0.55 |
| Readmission_1M | 18 (8.0) | 14 (6.1) | 12 (5.3) | 17 (7.6) | 0.64 |
| Death_3M | 5 (2.2) | 6 (2.6) | 5 (2.2) | 9 (4.0) | 0.615 |
| Readmission_3M | 54 (24.1) | 46 (20.2) | 39 (17.3) | 52 (23.2) | 0.28 |
| Death_6M | 6 (2.7) | 11 (4.8) | 6 (2.7) | 10 (4.5) | 0.47 |
| Readmission_6M | 94 (42.0) | 67 (29.4) | 74 (32.9) | 75 (33.5) | 0.036 |
TyG, triglyceride glucose. Q1: 6.17∼7.36, Q2: 7.37 ∼7.70, Q3: 7.71∼8.13, Q4: 8.14∼11.86. sBP, systolic blood pressure; dBP, diastolic blood pressure; BMI, body mass index; NYHA, New York Heart Association; MI, myocardial infarction; CHF, chronic heart failure; PAD, peripheral artery disease; DM, diabetes mellitus; CKD, chronic kidney disease; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; LVEDD, left ventricular end diastolic diameter; hsCRP, high sensitivity C-reactive protein; BNP, brain natriuretic peptide; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; LDL, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; ACEI/ARB, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers; MRA, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists.