Table 1.
Anthropometric data measured at the end of each diet
| Baseline | Washout | ML | EL | SED | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Body weight (kg) | 95.4∗ | 92.0∗∗ | 90.4∗∗∗ | 90.3∗∗∗ | 0.51 | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 32.5∗ | 31.4∗∗ | 30.8∗∗∗ | 30.8∗∗∗ | 0.16 | <0.001 |
| Percent body fat | 41.54∗ | 39.24∗∗ | 38.49∗∗ | 38.60∗∗ | 2.14 | <0.001 |
| Weight loss (kg) | – | – | −3.33 | −3.38 | 0.24 | 0.848 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 107.0∗ | 102.7∗∗ | 101.4∗∗∗ | 100.8∗∗∗ | 0.57 | <0.001 |
| Hip circumference (cm) | 112.9∗ | 110.5∗∗ | 109.6∗∗ | 110.3∗∗ | 0.47 | <0.001 |
| WHR | 0.95∗ | 0.93∗∗ | 0.92∗∗,∗∗∗ | 0.91∗∗∗ | 0.01 | <0.001 |
Data are expressed as means, n = 30. Analyzed for diet effect by hierarchical ANOVA (linear mixed models); means in the same row not sharing a superscript are significantly different (p < 0.05). SED is based on within-volunteer spread. Weight loss calculated as the weight change from the end of the preceding maintenance diet (B or W) to the end of each weight loss diet. EL, evening loaded; ML, morning loaded; SED, standard error of the difference, averaged over pairs when comparing more than two treatments; WHR, waist-hip ratio.