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. 2022 Oct 26;12:17918. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-22609-y

Table 2.

Characteristics of participants in follow-up surveys by disengagement levels (N = 3262).

Zero-level (n = 2381) Low-level (n = 462) Middle-level (n = 234) High-level (n = 84) Highest-level (n = 101)
Sex, n (%)
Male 1062 (44.6%) 207 (44.8%) 107 (45.7%) 38 (45.2%) 40 (39.6%)
Female 1319 (55.4%) 255 (55.2%) 127 (54.3%) 46 (54.8%) 61 (60.4%)
Age, years, mean [SD] 74.8 [5.3] 75.7 [5.6] 75.7 [5.6] 78.1 [5.8] 76.3 [5.6]
Self-rated health, n (%)
Healthy 1773 (74.5%) 320 (69.3%) 159 (67.9%) 41 (48.8%)
Not healthy 425 (17.8%) 101 (21.9%) 69 (29.5%) 28 (33.3%)
Missing data 183 (7.7%) 41 (8.9%) 6 (2.6%) 15 (17.9%)
Frequency of going outdoor, n (%)
Twice a week or more 2125 (89.2%) 386 (83.5%) 193 (82.5%) 55 (65.5%)
Once a week or less 163 (6.8%) 52 (11.3%) 37 (15.8%) 14 (16.7%)
Missing data 93 (3.9%) 24 (5.2%) 4 (1.7%) 15 (17.9%)
Follow-up, months, mean [SD] 91.8 [13.3] 92.5 [12.1] 91.2 [12.8] 86.0 [16.5] 85.2 [18.6]
Follow-up status, n (%)
Survived 1796 (84.3%) 338 (84.5%) 160 (76.9%) 45 (62.5%) 56 (70.0%)
Died 212 (10.0%) 43 (10.8%) 31 (14.9%) 21 (29.2%) 17 (21.3%)
Censoreda 122 (5.7%) 19 (4.8%) 17 (8.2%) 6 (8.3%) 7 (8.8%)

IADL Instrumental Activities of Daily Living, SD standard deviation.

aCensored participants included those who moved away and refused to respond to the surveys during the follow-up period.