Fig. 5.

The σ1R agonist ACR16 increased Arc gene expression. The expressions of synapsin1 (Syn1), spinophilin (Ppp1r9b), σ1R (Sigmar1), subunit 1 NMDAR (Grin 1), and the immediate-early genes Arc and c-fos were quantified in rat hippocampal primary cell cultures using qPCR. Individual data were normalized as percent change and represented in the violin plots as median percent change with respect to control conditions ± (Min–Max). Six independent experiments were performed for each experimental condition and for each time point. Statistical analysis was performed using Student’s t-test. Comparisons were made with control cultures and between treatments and *(p < 0.05) is used to indicate significant differences to control cultures. Note that only ACR16 (70 nM) was found to increase Arc expression at 6 h