Table 1.
Baseline characteristics.
| Age group (years) | 18–49 | 50–59 | 60–69 | ≥ 70 | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 25,762 | 5121 | 3584 | 1836 | 36,303 |
| % of total | 71.0 | 14.1 | 9.9 | 5.1 | |
| Age, mean (years, CI) | 31.5 (31.4, 31.6) | 54.1 (54.1, 54.2) | 64.3 (64.2, 64.4) | 74.7 (74.5, 74.9) | 40.1 (40.0–40.3) |
| Age, median (range) | 30.0 (18.0, 49.0) | 54.0 (50.0, 59.0) | 64.0 (60.0, 69.0) | 73.0 (70.0, 96.0) | 38.0 (18.0–96.0) |
| Sex (male, %) | 56.0 | 54.3 | 52.1 | 53.1 | 55.2 |
| Age at onset of diabetes | |||||
| 0–10 years | 9080 (35.2%) | 1348 (26.3%) | 784 (21.9%) | 342 (18.6%) | 11,554 (31.8%) |
| 11–15 years | 6621 (25.7%) | 1179 (23.0%) | 770 (21.5%) | 366 (19.9%) | 8936 (24.6%) |
| 16–20 years | 4197 (16.3%) | 895 (17.5%) | 647 (18.1%) | 353 (19.2%) | 6092 (16.8%) |
| 21–25 years | 3535 (13.7%) | 877 (17.1%) | 691 (19.3%) | 382 (20.8%) | 5485 (15.1%) |
| 26–30 years | 2329 (9.0%) | 821 (16.0%) | 692 (19.3%) | 393 (21.4%) | 4235 (11.7%) |
| Years with diabetes at index (years, CI) | 18.0 (17.9, 18.2) | 38.6 (38.4, 38.8) | 47.6 (47.3, 47.9) | 57.3 (56.9, 57.7) | 25.8 (25.7, 26.0) |
| HbA1c (mmol/mol) | 64.6 (64.4, 64.8) | 64.3 (63.9, 64.7) | 61.7 (61.3, 62.1) | 60.7 (60.2, 61.2) | 64.1 (63.9, 64.2) |
| HbA1c (%) | 8.1 (8.0, 8.1) | 8.0 (8.0, 8.1) | 7.8 (7.8, 7.8) | 7.7 (7.7, 7.8) | 8.0 (8.0, 8.0) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.8 (25.7, 25.8) | 26.7 (26.6, 26.8) | 26.1 (25.9, 26.3) | 25.5 (25.3, 25.7) | 25.9 (25.9, 26.0) |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 122.3 (122.1, 122.5) | 132.1 (131.6, 132.5) | 134.7 (134.2, 135.2) | 134.9 (134.2, 135.6) | 125.6 (125.5, 125.8) |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 74.0 (73.9, 74.1) | 73.4 (73.1, 73.6) | 69.9 (69.6, 70.2) | 67.7 (67.3, 68.2) | 73.2 (73.1, 73.3) |
| LDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 2.6 (2.6, 2.6) | 2.5 (2.5, 2.6) | 2.4 (2.4, 2.4) | 2.3 (2.2, 2.3) | 2.5 (2.5, 2.5) |
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/L)—Women | 1.7 (1.7, 1.7) | 1.9 (1.9, 1.9) | 1.9 (1.9, 1.9) | 1.8 (1.8, 1.9) | 1.8 (1.7, 1.8) |
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/L)—Men | 1.4 (1.4, 1.4) | 1.6 (1.6, 1.6) | 1.6 (1.6, 1.6) | 1.6 (1.5, 1.6) | 1.5 (1.5, 1.5) |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1.1 (1.1, 1.1) | 1.2 (1.1, 1.2) | 1.1 (1.1, 1.1) | 1.1 (1.1, 1.1) | 1.1 (1.1, 1.1) |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73m2) | 103.7 (103.4, 104.1) | 83.3 (82.6, 84.1) | 76.2 (75.4, 77.1) | 69.4 (68.3, 70.6) | 95.9 (95.6, 96.2) |
| eGFR stage | |||||
| G1 | 15,167 (58.9%) | 1793 (35.0%) | 908 (25.3%) | 298 (16.2%) | 18,166 (50.0%) |
| G2 | 5171 (20.1%) | 2084 (40.7%) | 1596 (44.5%) | 790 (43.0%) | 9641 (26.6%) |
| G3a | 312 (1.2%) | 303 (5.9%) | 341 (9.5%) | 328 (17.9%) | 1284 (3.5%) |
| G3b | 147 (0.6%) | 165 (3.2%) | 208 (5.8%) | 173 (9.4%) | 693 (1.9%) |
| G4 | 104 (0.4%) | 93 (1.8%) | 111 (3.1%) | 60 (3.3%) | 368 (1.0%) |
| G5 | 84 (0.3%) | 80 (1.6%) | 55 (1.5%) | 17 (0.9%) | 236 (0.7%) |
| Missing | 4777 (18.5%) | 603 (11.8%) | 365 (10.2%) | 170 (9.3%) | 5915 (16.3%) |
| Albuminuria | |||||
| Normoalbuminuria | 18,577 (72.1%) | 3457 (67.5%) | 2285 (63.8%) | 1076 (58.6%) | 25,395 (70.0%) |
| Microalbuminuria | 1397 (5.4%) | 632 (12.3%) | 578 (16.1%) | 359 (19.6%) | 2966 (8.2%) |
| Macroalbuminuria | 671 (2.6%) | 396 (7.7%) | 306 (8.5%) | 151 (8.2%) | 1524 (4.2%) |
| Missing | 5117 (19.9%) | 636 (12.4%) | 415 (11.6%) | 250 (13.6%) | 6418 (17.7%) |
| CKD stage | |||||
| Low | 20,852 (80.9%) | 3693 (72.1%) | 2385 (66.5%) | 1102 (60.0%) | 28,032 (77.2%) |
| Moderate | 1292 (5.0%) | 503 (9.8%) | 445 (12.4%) | 232 (12.6%) | 2472 (6.8%) |
| High | 489 (1.9%) | 286 (5.6%) | 248 (6.9%) | 223 (12.1%) | 1246 (3.4%) |
| Very High | 384 (1.5%) | 343 (6.7%) | 335 (9.3%) | 196 (10.7%) | 1258 (3.5%) |
| Missing | 2745 (10.7%) | 296 (5.8%) | 171 (4.8%) | 83 (4.5%) | 3295 (9.1%) |
| History of CVD | 428 (1.7%) | 805 (15.7%) | 1101 (30.7%) | 839 (45.7%) | 3173 (8.7%) |
| History of heart failure | 120 (0.5%) | 179 (3.5%) | 299 (8.3%) | 311 (16.9%) | 909 (2.5%) |
| History of atrial fibrillation | 91 (0.4%) | 102 (2.0%) | 205 (5.7%) | 233 (12.7%) | 631 (1.7%) |
| History of cancer | 376 (1.5%) | 313 (6.1%) | 445 (12.4%) | 352 (19.2%) | 1486 (4.1%) |
| Lipid lowering treatment | |||||
| Yes | 4414 (17.1%) | 3249 (63.4%) | 2662 (74.3%) | 1373 (74.8%) | 11,698 (32.2%) |
| No | 19,148 (74.3%) | 1658 (32.4%) | 813 (22.7%) | 415 (22.6%) | 22,034 (60.7%) |
| Missing | 2200 (8.5%) | 214 (4.2%) | 109 (3.0%) | 48 (2.6%) | 2571 (7.1%) |
| Aspirin treatment | |||||
| Yes | 697 (2.7%) | 1386 (27.1%) | 1644 (45.9%) | 1047 (57.0%) | 4774 (13.2%) |
| No | 22,602 (87.7%) | 3394 (66.3%) | 1762 (49.2%) | 706 (38.5%) | 28,464 (78.4%) |
| Missing | 2463 (9.6%) | 341 (6.7%) | 178 (5.0%) | 83 (4.5%) | 3065 (8.4%) |
Means, proportions and 95% confidence intervals (CI).