Table 1.
Drugs that induced cardiotoxicity and the manifestations.
| Types | Common drugs | Cardiotoxic manifestations |
|---|---|---|
| Antineoplastic drugs (1, 5) | Anthracyclines: adriamycin, aunorubicin, epirubicin | Arrhythmia, cardiomyopathy, heart failure |
| Alkylating agent: cyclophosphamide | Hemorrhagic necrotizing pericardial myocarditis, heart failure, arrhythmia | |
| Anti microtubule: paclitaxel | Myocardial ischemia, sinus bradycardia, heart failure | |
| Antimetabolic drugs: 5-fluorouracil and capecitabine | Coronary spasm, heart failure | |
| Monoclonal antibody drug: trastuzumab, bevacizumab | Heart failure | |
| Small molecule protein kinase inhibitors: imatinib, sunitinib | Atrial fibrillation, heart failure | |
| Proteasome inhibitor: kafezomib | Heart failure | |
| Immunosuppressants: PD-1/PD-1L inhibitors | Myocarditis | |
| Anti-infection drugs (6–8) | Macrolides: clarithromycin, azithromycin | Torsade de pointe, QT interval prolongation |
| β Lactams: penicillin | Arrhythmia, myocarditis, heart failure | |
| Lincomrades: lincomycin and clindamycin | QT interval prolongation, ventricular tachycardia | |
| Quinolone: ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, etc. | QT interval prolongation, ventricular tachycardia, occasionally develops to severe arrhythmias such as torsade de pointe | |
| Antifungal: imidazole antifungal agents (Itraconazole) | QT interval prolongation, ventricular tachycardia | |
| Antiparasitic: chloroquine | Heart block, congestive heart failure, cardiomyopathy | |
| Antiviral: α-Interferon (IFN-α) | Myocarditis, atrioventricular block, bradycardia | |
| Antiarrhythmic drugs (9, 10) | Amiodarone | QT interval prolongation |
| Digitalis | Atrioventricular block, ventricular arrhythmia | |
| Antihistamines (9, 10) | Benamin, cetirizine, loratadine, desloratadine, levocetirizine, | Q-T interval prolongation, palpitations, arrhythmias, sinus bradycardia, supraventricular tachycardia, ventricular tachycardia, torsade de pointe, atrial fibrillation, etc. |
| Lipid lowering drugs (11) | Probucol | QT interval prolongation, ventricular tachycardia |
| Psychotropic drugs (12) | Thiazide antipsychotics, tricyclic antidepressants | Arrhythmia |
| Gastrointestinal motility promoting drugs (13) | Domperidone, cisapride | Q-T interval prolongation and arrhythmia |
| Bronchodilators (14) | Salbutamol | Arrhythmia (atrial fibrillation, sinus tachycardia, etc.) |