TABLE 3.

Bivariable and Multivariable conditional logistic regression model showing risk factors of schizophrenia at selected public hospitals in eastern Ethiopia from December 1, 2021 to January 30, 2022.

Variables	Categories	Schizophrenia		COR (95%CI)	AOR (95%CI)
		Yes (%) case	No (%) control
Gender	Male	181 (83.03)	181 (83.03)	1. (0.58–1.70)	1.35 (0.55–3.29)
	Female	37 (16.97)	37 (16.97)	1	1
Residence	Urban	142 (65.14)	137 (62.84)	1.12 (0.74–1.70)	1.07 (0.51–2.24)
	Rural	76 (34.86)	81 (37.16)	1	1
Educational status	No formal education	102 (46.79)	71 (32.57)	2.61 (1.56–4.37)*	3.11 (1.30–7.42)*
	Primary	67 (30.73)	68 (31.19)	1.69 (1.01–2.81)*	2.17 (0.81–5.81)
	Secondary and above	49 (22.48)	79 (36.24)	1	1
Marital status	Married	32 (14.68)	84 (38.53)	1	1
	Single	104 (47.71)	78 (35.78)	3.54 (2.06–6.07)*	6.15 (2.47–15.28)*
	Separated	82 (37.61)	56 (25.69)	3.67 (2.09–6.43)*	5.36 (2.18–13.19)*
Occupation	Employed	34 (15.60)	80 (36.70)	1	1
	Farmer	32 (14.68)	30 (13.76)	2.94 (1.36–6.36)*	2.27 (0.65–7.96)
	Jobless	109 (50.00)	65 (29.82)	4.31 (2.43–7.64)*	4.60 (1.80–11.71)*
	Othera	43 (19.72)	43 (19.72)	2.48 (1.25–4.93)	3.71 (1.23–11.15)*
Family history of mental illness	No	116 (53.21)	198 (90.83)	1	1
	Yes	102 (46.79)	20 (9.17)	7.75 (4.25–14.14)*	12.21 (4.83–30.84)*
Family history of substance use	No	103 (47.25)	180 (82.57)	1	1
	Yes	115 (52.75)	38 (17.43)	4.5 (2.84–7.14)*	2.13 (1.07–4.29)*
Current tobacco use	No	150 (68.81)	174 (79.82)	1	1
	Yes	68 (31.19)	44 (20.18)	1.69 (1.11–2.56)*	2.31 (1.08–4.91)*
Currently consuming khat	No	87 (39.91)	147 (67.43)	1	1
	Yes	131 (60.09)	71 (32.57)	3.72 (2.33–5.97)*	2.82 (1.23–6.45)*
Poly substance use	No	164 (75.23)	201 (92.20)	1	1
	Yes	54 (24.77)	17 (7.80)	3.71 (2.06–6.70)*	4.45 (1.28–15.45)*

COR, crude odds ratio; AOR, adjusted odds ratio.

*P < 0.05.