Table 1.
Baseline characteristics by serum leptin levels in patients with depressive disorders
| Variable | Up to 12-week treatment (n = 1,086) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||
| Low leptin (n = 543) | High leptin (n = 543) | Statistical coefficientsa | pvalue | |
| Age (yr) | 55.6 ± 15.2 | 58.3 ± 14.4 | t = −2.947 | 0.003 |
| Sex, female | 267 (49.2) | 478 (88.0) | χ2 = 190.320 | < 0.001 |
| Education (yr) | 9.8 ± 4.7 | 8.4 ± 4.8 | t = 5.060 | < 0.001 |
| Marital status, unmarried | 154 (28.4) | 172 (31.7) | χ2 = 1.420 | 0.233 |
| Living alone | 76 (14.0) | 91 (16.8) | χ2 = 1.592 | 0.207 |
| Religious observance | 272 (50.1) | 335 (61.7) | χ2 = 14.825 | < 0.001 |
| Unemployed status | 149 (27.4) | 167 (30.8) | χ2 = 1.446 | 0.229 |
| Monthly income, < 2,000 USD | 305 (56.2) | 343 (63.2) | χ2 = 5.525 | 0.019 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 22.2 ± 2.8 | 24.3 ± 3.2 | t = −11.678 | < 0.001 |
| Major depressive disorder | 451 (83.1) | 474 (87.3) | χ2 = 3.858 | 0.050 |
| Melancholic feature | 88 (16.2) | 74 (13.6) | χ2 = 1.422 | 0.233 |
| Atypical feature | 33 (6.1) | 36 (6.6) | χ2 = 0.139 | 0.709 |
| Age at onset (yr) | 51.5 ± 16.8 | 52.2 ± 16.5 | t = −0.667 | 0.505 |
| Duration of illness (yr) | 4.1 ± 7.6 | 6.1 ± 10.2 | t = −3.628 | < 0.001 |
| Recurrent depression | 268 (49.4) | 302 (55.6) | χ2 = 4.268 | 0.039 |
| Number of depressive episodes | 1.0 ± 1.5 | 1.1 ± 1.5 | t = −1.320 | 0.187 |
| Duration of present episode (mo) | 7.1 ± 9.6 | 7.7 ± 11.1 | t = −1.092 | 0.275 |
| Family history of depression | 79 (14.5) | 79 (14.5) | χ2 = 0.000 | 1.000 |
| History of suicide attempt | 52 (9.6) | 43 (7.9) | χ2 = 0.934 | 0.334 |
| Hamilton Depression Rating Scale | 20.6 ± 4.1 | 20.9 ± 4.2 | t = −1.441 | 0.150 |
| Hospital Anxiety & Depression Scale-anxiety subscale | 11.7 ± 4.0 | 11.9 ± 4.1 | t = −0.607 | 0.544 |
| EuroQol-5D | 8.8 ± 1.5 | 9.1 ± 1.5 | t = −2.800 | 0.005 |
| Social and Occupational Functional Assessment Scale | 55.9 ± 7.5 | 56.0 ± 7.5 | t = −0.081 | 0.935 |
Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation or number (%).
aIndependent two sample t test or χ2 test, as appropriate.