Table 2.
Gram-negative species as percentages of all infant early-onset and late-onset bacteraemia (Gram-negative and Gram-positive) in high-income and low-income/middle-income countries*
| High-income countries | Early-onset disease (n=24 studies) | Late-onset disease (n=25 studies) | ||
| Isolates, n | Proportion (95% CI) | Isolates, n | Proportion (95% CI) | |
| Escherichia coli | 1454 | 19.2% (15.6 to 23.4%) | 1418 | 7.34% (5.28 to 10.1%) |
| Klebsiella spp | 91 | 0.95% (0.36 to 2.49%) | 1401 | 5.28% (3.42 to 8.06%) |
| Pseudomonas spp | 40 | 0.22% (0.01 to 0.79%) | 406 | 1.21% (0.75 to 1.92%) |
| Enterobacter spp | 16 | 0.08% (0.01 to 0.48%) | 708 | 1.36% (0.64 to 2.88%) |
| Serratia spp | 1 | 0.00% (0.00 to 99.5%) | 254 | 0.50% (0.23 to 1.11%) |
| Proteus spp | 4 | 0.03% (0.00 to 0.28%) | 28 | 0.03% (0.01 to 0.19%) |
| Salmonella spp | 0 | N/A | 4 | 0.00% (0.00 to 22.6%) |
| Citrobacter spp | 19 | 0.02% (0.00 to 0.43%) | 36 | 0.01% (0.00 to 0.17%) |
| Haemophilus spp | 184 | 0.54% (0.18 to 1.62%) | 6 | 0.00% (0.00 to 0.25%) |
| Neisseria spp | 0 | N/A | 2 | 0.00% (0.00 to 2.43%) |
| Acinetobacter spp | 31 | 0.08% (0.01 to 0.57%) | 207 | 0.28% (0.09 to 0.90%) |
| Moraxella spp | 0 | N/A | 7 | 0.00% (0.00 to 99.3%) |
| Other species or unspecified Gram-negative | 180 | 1.41% (0.62 to 3.18%) | 275 | 0.39% (0.14 to 1.03%) |
| Low-income/middle-income countries | Early-onset disease (n=32 studies) | Late-onset disease (n=30 studies) | ||
| Escherichia coli | 481 | 7.50% (4.98 to 11.1%) | 489 | 6.53% (4.50 to 9.39%) |
| Klebsiella spp | 794 | 16.4% (11.5 to 22.7%) | 974 | 15.0% (10.1 to 21.8%) |
| Pseudomonas spp | 248 | 3.93% (2.04 to 7.44%) | 232 | 2.81% (1.99 to 3.95%) |
| Enterobacter spp | 203 | 1.76% (0.88 to 3.49%) | 158 | 1.14% (0.55 to 2.34%) |
| Serratia spp | 36 | 0.12% (0.02 to 0.62%) | 67 | 0.12% (0.02 to 0.71%) |
| Proteus spp | 21 | 0.00% (0.00 to 1.61%) | 50 | 0.09% (0.01 to 0.52%) |
| Salmonella spp | 11 | 0.00% (0.00 to 10.9%) | 20 | 0.00% (0.00 to 17.4%) |
| Citrobacter spp | 47 | 0.12% (0.02 to 0.60%) | 75 | 0.10% (0.02 to 0.51%) |
| Haemophilus spp | 0 | N/A | 14 | 0.00% (0.00 to 99.1%) |
| Neisseria spp | 0 | N/A | 6 | 0.00% (0.00 to 97.4%) |
| Acinetobacter spp | 318 | 2.33% (1.17 to 4.61%) | 348 | 2.33% (1.20 to 4.46%) |
| Moraxella spp | 0 | N/A | 0 | N/A |
| Other species or unspecified Gram-negative | 195 | 0.83% (0.29 to 2.37%) | 184 | 1.28% (0.61 to 2.66%) |
*Estimates obtained by random-effects meta-analysis; see online supplemental file 4 for heterogeneity statistics.
N/A, not available.