Table 1.

Applications of plant tissue culture technique in different industries.

Industry	Products	Applications and advantages	Limitations	References
Food	Rice	Gives high yield irrespective of seasonal requirements and require less area for production	Produce less resilient plants, Less acceptance towards tissue cultured food plants in general public, no need of herbicide and pesticide application	(Roy et al., 2000; Sparks and Jones, 2014; Yaqoob et al., 2016; Hasnain et al., 2018; Hasnain et al., 2020)
	Wheat	Wheat varieties are resistant against different diseases with increased yield and high nutritional value
	Pineapple (Smooth Cayenne)	High yield, Gives efficient and fast production of required flora
	Banana	Cheap and sterile planting materials ultimately giving a high yield during whole year
	Chocolate	Unique taste and aroma
Pharmaceutical	Codeine	To relieve pain as well as coughing	Less production of secondary metabolites, difficult to remove secondary metabolites from the culture	(Czyz et al., 2014; Hayden et al., 2014; Mali and Chavan, 2016)
	Atropine	Treat the symptoms of decreased heart rate
	Reserpine	Treat high blood pressure
	Hyoscyamine	Treat a range of gastrointestinal disorders
	Digoxin	Used to treat heart failure
	Scopolamine	Avoid nausea and vomiting induced by motion sickness
	Morphine	Pain killer
Cosmetics	Rubusidaeushydrosoluble extract	Anti-inflammatory activity in skin cells	It is difficult to maintain aseptic conditions resulting high cost.	(Ebile et al.,2018)
	Nicotianasylvestriscell wall preparation	Collagen synthesis and protection in skin cells
	Coffeabengalensishydrosoluble extract	Epidermal hydration and collagen synthesis in skin cells
	Dolichosbiflorushydrosoluble extract	Anti-inflammatory activity and UV damage protection
	Malusdomesticus whole lysate
		Reversion of aging signs