TABLE 3.

Hierarchical regression analyses of writing measures using home literacy environment (HLE) as predictors.

			Word level				Sentence level				Text level
			Token		Type		Premodifier number		Premodifier mean		Content quality
Grade	Steps	Measures	Δ R2	β	Δ R2	β	Δ R2	β	Δ R2	β	Δ R2	β
3	1	Control variables	0.044		0.042		0.036		0.023		0.036
		Age		–0.051		–0.041		–0.076		–0.066		0.017
		Sex		0.147		0.165*		0.109		0.125		0.159
		SES		–0.106		–0.082		–0.110		–0.029		0.120
	2	Home literacy environment	0.032*		0.044*		0.065*		0.014		0.021
		Formal		0.180*		0.214*		0.261**		0.120		0.137
		Informal		–0.077		–0.033		–0.051		–0.015		–0.086
5	1	Control variables	0.100*		0.192***		0.041		0.022		0.126**
		Age		0.001		–0.002		0.030		0.025		–0.049
		Sex		0.184		0.284**		0.211*		0.021		0.122
		SES		0.114		0.186		–0.059		0.054		0.194
	2	Home literacy environment	0.091**		0.107***		0.041		0.044		0.090***
		Formal		0.090		0.071		–0.050		0.001		0.092
		Informal		0.304**		0.339***		0.220*		0.227*		0.301**

Formal = onset age of parent teaching, informal = visiting frequency of places. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.