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. 2022 Oct 13;16:999325. doi: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.999325

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Copyright © 2022 Amorim, Dá Mesquita, Jacinto, Castelhano-Carlos, Santos, Leite-Almeida and Sousa.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Presence of a female rat cage induced an increase in the number of behaviors. (A) Representative graphs of the activity score of the six rats, in the home cage, in the deprived (single daily deliver of 2 pellets/rat at 16 h) and deprived in the presence of a female. (B) The presence of a female had no effect on the activity scores in the dark and light periods but (C,D) increased the number of behavioral displays; (E) specifically sniffing, fighting/struggling and submissive, interaction at the gates and entries in feeding/drinking cage. Results are presented as median and IQR; n = 6/group, *p < 0.05, Wilcoxon test.