Table 1.
Background characteristics of studies included in network meta-analysis.
| Reference | Country | Breed | Duration (Days) | Feed Additive | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Type | Inclusion Level | Category | |||||
| [19] | China | Broiler | 21 | Total flavonoids of Rhizoma Drynariae | 125 mg/kg | Antioxidant | |
| [20] | Iran | Broiler (Cobb 500) | 35 | L-Threonine | 125% of the requirement | Antioxidant | |
| [21] | China | Cobb broilers | 28 | Penthorum chinense Pursh extract | 3 g/kg | Antioxidant | |
| [22] | Iran | Ross broiler | 42 | Berberine | 600 mg/kg | Antioxidant | |
| [23] | Iran | Broiler (Ross 308) | 42 | Licorice extract | 6 g/kg | Antioxidant | |
| [24] | Iraq | Broiler (Ross 308) | 35 | Grape seed extract | 200 mg/kg | Antioxidant | |
| [25] | Mexico | Broiler | 21 | Curcumin | 0.20% | Antioxidant | |
| [26] | Pakistan | Broiler | 42 | Chlorella pyrenoidosa ethanolic extract | 500 mg/kg | Antioxidant | |
| [27] | Iraq | Broiler (Ross 308) | 35 | Levamisole | 0.2 mL/kg | Antioxidant | |
| [27] | Iraq | Broiler (Ross 308) | 35 | Vitamin E + Selenium | 0.5 mL/L | Antioxidant | |
| [28] | China | Cobb broiler | 28 | Grape seed proanthocyanidin extract | 500 mg/kg | Antioxidant | |
| [29] | China | Male arbor acre broiler | 44 | Sporoderm-broken spores of Ganoderma lucidum | 200 mg/kg | Antioxidant | |
| [30] | India | Male broiler | 35 | Carvacrol | 1.00% | Antioxidant | |
| [8] | China | Avian male broilers | 35 | Astaxanthin | 10 mg/kg | Antioxidant | |
| [31] | Iran | Broiler chicks (Ross 308) | 42 | Essential oil | 500 mg/kg | Antioxidant | |
| [32] | India | Broiler | 42 | Resveratrol | 1.00% | Antioxidant | |
| [33] | Pakistan | Broiler | 35 | Milk thistle | 10 g/kg | Antioxidant | |
| [34] | Thailand | Arbor acre broiler | 42 | Essential oil | 0.50% | Antioxidant | |
| [10] | Iran | Broiler chickens (Ross 308) | 42 | Saccharomyces cerevisiae | 0.05% | Organic binder | |
| [35] | Nigeria | Arbor acre broiler | 30 | Saccharomyces cerevisiae | 2 g/kg | Organic binder | |
| [36] | Mexico | Male broiler (Ross 308) | 21 | Yeast cell wall from Saccharomyces cerevisiae | 0.05% | Organic binder | |
| [23] | Iran | Broiler (Ross 308) | 42 | Saccharomyces cerevisiae | 0.5 g/kg | Organic binder | |
| [25] | Mexico | Broiler | 21 | Cellulosic polymer | 0.30% | Organic binder | |
| [37] | Egypt | Broiler | 42 | Saccharomyces cerevisiae | 1 kg/ton | Organic binder | |
| [7] | Iran | Broiler chicks (Cobb 500) | 42 | Bacillus Subtilis JQ618 strains | 1 kg/ton | Organic binder | |
| [7] | Iran | Broiler chicks (Cobb 500) | 42 | Saccharomyces cerevisiae’s cell wall | 1 kg/ton | Organic binder | |
| [8] | China | Avian male broilers | 35 | Esterified glucomannan | 5 g/kg | Organic binder | |
| [38] | Egypt | Broiler chicks (Ross 308) | 28 | Yeast cell wall | 1% | Organic binder | |
| [39] | Turkey | Broiler | 21 | Esterified glucomannan | 1 g/kg | Organic binder | |
| [40] | USA | Broiler | 30 | Saccharomyces cerevisiae | 0.10% | Organic binder | |
| [4] | China | Arbor Acres broilers | 42 | Smectite clay | 2.5 kg/ton | Inorganic binder | |
| [5] | Iran | Broiler chickens (Ross 308) | 42 | Aluminosilicate | 2.5 g/kg | Inorganic binder | |
| [41] | Egypt | Male Japanese quail chicks | 42 | Bentonite | 1% | Inorganic binder | |
| [41] | Egypt | Japanese quail chicks | 42 | Bentonite | 1% | Inorganic binder | |
| [23] | Iran | Broiler chickens (Ross 308) | 42 | Biochar | 5 g/kg | Inorganic binder | |
| [42] | Bulgaria | Toulouse geese | 42 | Aluminosilicate | 0.5 g/kg | Inorganic binder | |
| [24] | Iraq | Broiler (Ross 308) | 35 | Aluminosilicate | 100 mg/kg | Inorganic binder | |
| [7] | Iran | Broiler (Cobb 500) | 42 | Aluminosilicate | 1 kg/ton | Inorganic binder | |
| [7] | Iran | Broiler (Cobb 500) | 42 | Hydrated Sodium Calcium Aluminosilicate | 15 kg/ton | Inorganic binder | |
| [43] | Greece | Broiler (Ross 308) | 42 | Bentonite | 1% | Inorganic binder | |
| [43] | Greece | Broiler (Ross 308) | 42 | Bentonite | 1% | Inorganic binder | |
| [43] | Greece | Broiler (Ross 308) | 42 | Bentonite | 1% | Inorganic binder | |
| [33] | Pakistan | Broiler | 35 | Aluminosilicate | 3 g/kg | Inorganic binder | |