Table 1.
Subject demographics based on salt sensitivity.
| Characteristics | Total (n = 2055) |
Low-Moderate CVD Risk Group (n = 659) |
High CVD Risk Group (n = 1396) |
p Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| a Sex (male, %) | 555 (27.0) | 126 (19.1) | 429 (30.7) | <0.001 |
| b Age (years) | 59.00 (53.96, 63.29) | 53 (48, 58) | 61 (57, 65) | <0.001 |
| b BMI (kg/m−2) | 25.92 (23.84, 28.15) | 24.64 (22.66, 26.56) | 26.49 (24.59, 28.67) | <0.001 |
| b WHR | 0.89 (0.85, 0.93) | 0.86 (0.82, 0.90) | 0.90 (0.87, 0.94) | <0.001 |
| b FBG (mmol/L) | 5.42 (4.99, 6.18) | 5.18 (4.86, 5.66) | 5.59 (5.06, 6.49) | <0.001 |
| b TG (mmol/L) | 1.63 (1.12, 2.48) | 1.43 (0.99, 2.07) | 1.73 (1.20, 2.64) | <0.001 |
| b TC (mmol/L) | 5.04 (4.35, 5.73) | 5.03 (4.43, 5.69) | 5.05 (4.30, 5.76) | <0.001 |
| b HDL-C (mmol/L) | 1.44 (1.13, 2.40) | 1.63 (1.23, 2.73) | 1.38 (1.09, 2.14) | <0.001 |
| b LDL-C (mmol/L) | 2.14 (1.48, 2.86) | 2.02 (1.47, 2.75) | 2.19 (1.49, 2.93) | <0.001 |
| b 24hUNa (g/day) | 3.15 (2.07, 4.50) | 3.87 (2.46, 5.78) | 4.51 (3.07, 6.36) | <0.001 |
| b 24hUK (g/day) | 1.67 (1.14, 2.28) | 1.56 (1.08, 2.21) | 1.71 (1.18, 2.32) | 0.056 |
| b 24hUNa/K | 3.17 (2.22, 4.26) | 3.08 (2.05, 4.32) | 3.21 (2.31, 4.25) | 0.060 |
| b Response to acute salt loading, mm Hg | ||||
| MAP change 1 | 0.49 (−4.01, 4.99) | −0.01 (−4.92, 4.67) | 1.33 (−2.51, 5.66) | <0.001 |
| b Response to diuresis shrinkage, mm Hg | ||||
| MAP change 2 | 0.33 (−3.83, 4.83) | 0.17 (−4.33, 4.83) | 1.00 (−3.17, 4.67) | 0.398 |
| a Hypertension (n, %) | 1060 (51.6) | 132 (20.0) | 928 (66.5) | <0.001 |
| Baseline MAP, mm Hg | 92.17 (83.51, 101.01) | 83.09 (76.12, 90.51) | 95.84 (88.34, 103.84) | <0.001 |
| Antihypertensive medication use (yes) (%) | 829 (40.3) | 107 (16.2) | 722 (51.7) | <0.001 |
| a Diabetes (n, %) | 352 (17.1) | 24 (3.6) | 328 (23.5) | <0.001 |
| a Family history of hypertension | 1144 (57.8) | 350 (53.1) | 794 (62.1) | 0.010 |
| a Family history of coronary heart disease | 532 (25.9) | 179 (27.2) | 353 (25.3) | 0.532 |
| a Family history of stroke | 425 (21.5) | 137 (20.8) | 288 (20.6) | 0.871 |
| a Family history of diabetes | 527 (26.0) | 162 (26.0) | 365 (28.4) | 0.255 |
| Smoking (yes) (%) | 308 (15.2) | 80 (12.1) | 276 (19.8) | <0.001 |
| Drinking (yes) (%) | 962 (47.3) | 342 (51.9) | 620 (44.4) | 0.002 |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; WHR, waist–hip ratio; FBG, fasting blood glucose; TG, triglyceride; TC, total cholesterol; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; 24hUK, 24 h urinary potassium excretion; 24hUNa, 24 h urinary sodium excretion; 24hUNa/K, 24 h urinary sodium: potassium ratio; SBP, systolic BP; DBP, diastolic BP; MAP, mean arterial pressure. a Statistical analysis by chi-square test. b Statistical analysis by Wilcoxon rank-sum test.