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. 2022 Oct 27:1–16. Online ahead of print. doi: 10.1007/s10668-022-02722-8

Table 3.

Economic aspects indicators—economic capital

Variable Meaning Unit Source
I_1 Greenhouse gas emissions score score CCPI
I_2 Global innovation index index GII
I_3 University-industry collaboration in Research & Development Value GII
I_4 GDP/unit of energy use Score GII
I_5 Global sustainability competitiveness index Index GSCI
I_6 Domestic material consumption/tonnes, per capita OECD
I_7 Renewable energy consumption (% of total final energy consumption) % WBI
I_8 Resource efficiency index Index WBI
I_9 ISO 14001 environmental certificates/bn PPP$ GDP Value WBI

CCPI: Climate Change Performance Index, GII: Global Innovation Index, GSCI: Global Sustainable Competitiveness Index, OECD: Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, WBI: World Bank Indicators