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. 2022 Oct 26;611(7935):352–357. doi: 10.1038/s41586-022-05371-z

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Extended Data Fig. 1 — Gating strategy for B cell isolation. Panels a—d show naive cell gating, panels e—g show memory cell gating, and panels h—i show plasmablast gating. a, Hierarchical gating scheme for lymphocytes, single cells, live cells, and CD3-negative cells. b, We gated CD19+CD27± cells from CD3− cells for further analysis. Donor samples displayed noticeable differences in CD19 and CD27 expression. c, We analyzed CD19+CD27− cells for surface IgD expression and gated IgD+ cells for further analysis. d, We selected naive B cells by sorting CD19+CD27–IgD+CD24±CD38± B cells. e, For memory cell gating, we selected CD19+CD27+ cells from b for CD24+CD38+ positivity. f, We analyzed cells from e and isolated unswitched memory cells using IgD±IgM++ gating. g, We analyzed cells from e and isolated switched memory cells using IgD−CD95+ gating. h, We analyzed CD19+CD27+ cells from b and gated the IgD–CD27+ population. i, We sorted plasmablasts using CD24–CD38++ gating.