Table 11.
Parameters of the different comparable models
| Model and Variable | Adopted parameters |
|---|---|
| BPNN(Paris) | hidden neurons = 4; learning rate = 0.005; epochs = 200 |
| BPNN(Amsterdam) | hidden neurons = 4; learning rate = 0.005; epochs = 250 |
| BPNN(Lisbon) | hidden neurons = 5; learning rate = 0.005; epochs = 300 |
| ARIMAX(Paris) | p, d, q= (2,0,1) |
| ARIMAX(Amsterdam) | p, d, q= (1,0,1) |
| ARIMAX(Lisbon) | p, d, q= (1,0,0) |
| SARIMAX(Paris) | p, d, q= (1,0,1); P, D, Q = (0,0,1) |
| SARIMAX(Amsterdam) | p, d, q= (0,0,1); P, D, Q = (1,0,1) |
| SARIMAX(Lisbon) | p, d, q= (2,0,1); P, D, Q = (1,0,1) |
| SVM(Paris) | kernel = “rbf”; gamma = 0.1.; C = 3.1 |
| SVM(Amsterdam) | kernel = “rbf”; gamma = 0.24; C = 2.2 |
| SVM(Lisbon) | kernel = “rbf”; gamma = 0.03; C = 3.2 |
| LSTM(Paris) | batch size = 22; hidden neurons = 15; epochs = 300 |
| LSTM(Amsterdam) | batch size = 23; hidden neurons = 20; epochs = 350 |
| LSTM (Lisbon) | batch size = 25; hidden neurons = 25; epochs = 300 |