Table 1.
Morphological and cardiac functional assessments by echocardiogram parameters including brightness- (B-mode) and motion-mode (M-mode) measurements among HIV-1 Tat transgenic mice treated with saline or Dox.
| Gender | Male | Female | ||||||
| Tat Genotype | Tat(−) | Tat(+) | Tat(−) | Tat(+) | Tat(−) | Tat(+) | Tat(−) | Tat(+) |
| n-value | 8 | 13 | 5 | 15 | 11 | 12 | 24 | 22 |
| Treatment | Saline | Dox 56 mg/kg | Saline | Dox 56 mg/kg | ||||
| HR (bpm) | 454.09 ± 49.21 | 488.37 ± 52.74 | 473.52 ± 45.52 | 477.33 ± 70.09 | 465.07 ± 88.05 | 465.07 ± 88.05 | 470.70 ± 53.07 | 483.51 ± 98.17 |
| B-mode | B-mode | |||||||
| SV (µL) | 18.21 ± 3.44 | 24.38 ± 4.82 | 20.04 ± 7.98 | 19.83 ± 5.45 | 17.69 ± 4.13 | 17.29 ± 3.24 | 19.75 ± 6.26 | 20.20 ± 5.63 |
| %EF | 48.66 ± 5.61 | 50.33 ± 9.22 | 49.71 ± 8.49 | 47.49 ± 9.67 | 44.52 ± 9.78 | 53.31 ± 11.05 | 52.02 ± 9.22 | 55.28 ± 7.76 |
| %FS | 15.10 ± 4.44 | 14.01 ± 5.81 | 13.11 ± 5.92 | 12.18 ± 4.20 | 10.11 ± 3.98 | 12.69 ± 4.22 | 13.45 ± 5.18 | 13.52 ± 5.76 |
| CO (mL/min) | 8.02 ± 1.59 | 11.73 ± 1.73 | 9.14 ± 2.77 | 9.40 ± 3.07 | 8.23 ± 2.70 | 8.31 ± 2.67 | 9.16 ± 2.77 | 9.89 ± 3.68 |
| Area (mm2) | 11.91 ± 3.67 | 14.47 ± 3.70 | 13.84 ± 5.62 | 12.75 ± 3.51 | 14.45 ± 4.01 | 9.98 ± 2.13 | 10.99 ± 2.00 | 11.73 ± 2.73 |
| Area, s (mm2) | 11.10 ± 2.32 | 13.39 ± 3.24 | 12.18 ± 4.27 | 12.33 ± 2.69 | 12.66 ± 2.35 | 9.66 ± 1.75 | 10.68 ± 1.82 | 10.15 ± 2.05 |
| Area, d (mm2) | 16.73 ± 2.54 | 20.25 ± 2.86 | 17.61 ± 5.13 | 18.16 ± 3.07 | 17.91 ± 2.48 | 15.20 ± 1.31 | 16.81 ± 2.62 | 16.39 ± 2.51 |
| Volume (µL) | 24.10 ± 12.14 | 30.55 + 11.56 | 29.94 ± 17.20 | 24.25 ± 10.25 | 30.18 ± 13.00 | 17.29 ± 6.68 | 18.38 ± 5.05 | 22.25 ± 9.68 |
| Volume, s (µL) | 20.41 ± 7.06 | 26.70 ± 10.18 | 23.74 ± 11.05 | 22.58 ± 7.45 | 23.48 ± 6.73 | 16.03 ± 5.51 | 17.48 ± 4.38 | 16.60 ± 5.12 |
| Volume, d (µL) | 38.62 ± 9.94 | 51.07 ± 11.39 | 20.04 ± 7.98 | 42.41 ± 10.55 | 41.17 ± 8.66 | 33.31 ± 5.44 | 37.24 ± 8.27 | 36.79 ± 9.44 |
| M-mode | M-mode | |||||||
| %EF | 63.15 ± 14.73 | 55.27 ± 16.51 | 55.42 ± 6.98 | 62.91 ± 10.61 | 61.30 ± 6.39 | 61.77 ± 11.27 | 63.48 ± 7.18 | 64.55 ± 6.62 |
| %FS | 34.77 ± 10.05 | 29.97 ± 11.94 | 28.46 ± 4.31 | 33.85 ± 7.51 | 32.28 ± 4.49 | 33.21 ± 7.07 | 33.70 ± 5.26 | 34.45 ± 4.78 |
| IVS, d (mm) | 1.08 ± 0.19 | 0.99 ± 0.23 | 0.75 ± 0.05 | 1.16 ± 0.26 | 0.89 ± 0.21 | 1.04 ± 0.24 | 1.13 ± 0.24 | 0.91 ± 0.20 |
| IVS, s (mm) | 1.48 ± 0.21 | 1.38 ± 0.38 | 1.07 ± 0.06 | 1.50 ± 0.28 | 1.30 ± 0.23 | 1.37 ± 0.21 | 1.56 ± 0.25 | 1.35 ± 0.25 |
| LVID, d (mm) | 3.27 ± 0.36 | 3.65 ± 0.59 | 3.65 ± 0.32 | 3.28 ± 0.39 | 3.36 ± 0.36 | 3.07 ± 0.30 | 3.09 ± 0.37 | 3.12 ± 0.37 |
| LVID, s (mm) | 2.15 ± 0.49 | 2.64 ± 0.78 | 2.62 ± 0.31 | 2.19 ± 0.38 | 2.28 ± 0.31 | 2.04 ± 0.27 | 2.06 ± 0.32 | 2.04 ± 0.32 |
| LVPW, d (mm) | 1.22 ± 0.27 | 1.01 ± 0.23 | 0.91 ± 0.16 | 1.08 ± 0.20 | 0.97 ± 0.31 | 1.02 ± 0.20 | 1.16 ± 0.31 | 1.09 ± 0.28 |
| LVPW, s (mm) | 1.57 ± 0.33 | 1.33 ± 0.25 | 1.29 ± 0.20 | 1.43 ± 0.23 | 1.30 ± 0.27 | 1.37 ± 0.20 | 1.46 ± 0.28 | 1.43 ± 0.25 |
HR: heart rate; SV: stroke volume; EF: ejection fraction; FS: fractional shortening; CO: cardiac output; s: systolic; D: diastolic; IVS: interventricular septum; LVID: left ventricle inner dimension; LVPW: left ventricular posterior wall; Dox: doxycycline.