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. 2022 Oct 12;6(10):e40164. doi: 10.2196/40164

Table 2.

Frequency of social determinants of health barriers reported by the study participants (N=57).

Domain Participants, n (%)
Health and Health Care

Had ≥1 barrier to health care access in the past year 84 (48)


Could not get appointment 49 (28)


Forgot the appointment 40 (23)


Difficult to miss work 21 (12)


Cost or lack of insurance 18 (10)


Transportation difficulties 14 (8)


Childcare difficulties 7 (4)


Other 12 (7)
Economic Stability

Unable to pay for ≥1 essential items in the past year 56 (32)


Rent 23 (13)


Healthy food 23 (13)


Any food 18 (10)


Medical visit 16 (9)


Medical supplies 16 (9)


Utilities 16 (9)


Phone 14 (8)


Medication 14 (8)


Clothing 12 (7)


Mortgage 4 (2)


Childcare 0 (0)
Neighborhood and Built Environment

Has ≥1 issue with the built environment 53 (30)


Worried about losing housing 19 (11)


No stores or only a small number of stores that sell produce in the neighborhood 30 (17)


Unsatisfied with the quality of produce available in the neighborhood 9 (5)


Do not have safe places to exercise in the neighborhood 16 (9)
Education and Health Literacy

Has ≥1 issue with health literacy 47 (27)

Has difficulty explaining health concerns to a doctor or nurse 42 (24)

Has difficulty understanding what a doctor or nurse is saying 19 (11)

Has difficulty filling out medical forms 19 (11)

Has difficulty understanding medication labels 18 (10)
Social and Community Context

Receives social support ≤2 times a week 37 (21)

Has nobody to speak to when stressed 30 (17)