Table 2.
Characteristics of included studies and description of case reports of monkeypox.
| Authors | Year | Design | Country | Number of Cases (N) | Cases by Sexual Contact (N) | Age (Years) | Sex (M/F) | Sexual Behavior |
Previous STIs | HIV | Recent Sexual Exposure | Diagnostic Method for Monkeypox |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Antinori, A. et al. [8] | 2022 | Case reports | Italy | 4 | 1 | Median: 30 | M | MSM | Hepatitis C, syphilis | Positive | Yes | RT-PCR |
| 2 | M | MSM | Syphilis | Negative | Yes | RT-PCR | ||||||
| 3 | M | MSM | Syphilis, hepatitis B | Positive | Yes | RT-PCR | ||||||
| 4 | M | MSM | Hepatitis A | Negative | Yes | RT-PCR | ||||||
| Heskin, J. et al. [31] | 2022 | Case reports | United Kingdom | 2 | 1 | NR | M | MSM | None | Negative | Yes | RT-PCR |
| 2 | NR | M | MSM | None | Positive | Yes | RT-PCR | |||||
| Hammerschlag, Y. et al. [32] | 2022 | Case report | Australia | 1 | 1 | 30 | M | MSM | Syphilis | Positive | Yes | RT-PCR |
| Minhaj, F.S. et al. [22] | 2022 | Case reports | United States | 17 | 16 | Median 40 (28–61) | NR | GBMSM | NR | NR | Yes | RT-PCR |
| Vivancos, R. et al. [33] | 2022 | Case reports | United Kingdom | 86 | 66 | Median: 38 (32–43) | M (79/79) | GBMSM (66/79) |
NR | NR | Yes | RT-PCR |
| Perez Duque, M. et al. [34] | 2022 | Case reports | Portugal | 27 | 27 | Median: 33 (22–51) | M | MSM (18/19), MSW (1/19) | NR | Positive (n = 14) | Yes | RT-PCR |
| Vallée, A. et al. [35] | 2022 | Case report | France | 1 | 1 | NR | M | MSM | HIV | Positive | Yes | RT-PCR |
| Oprea, C. et al. [36] | 2022 | Case report | Romania | 1 | 1 | 26 | M | MSM | HIV | Positive | Yes | RT-PCR |
| Bížová, B. et al. [28] | 2022 | Case report | Czech Republic | 1 | 1 | 34 | M | MSM | Syphilis | Positive | Yes | RT-PCR |
| Patrocinio-Jesus, R. et al. [29] | 2022 | Case report | Portugal | 1 | 1 | 31 | M | MSM | HIV | Positive | Yes | RT-PCR |
| Basgoz, S.N. et al. [30] | 2022 | Case report | United States | 1 | 1 | 31 | M | MSM | Syphilis, herpes simplex | Negative | Yes | RT-PCR |
| Mileto, D. et al. [7] | 2022 | Case report | Italy | 1 | 1 | 33 | M | MSM | HIV | Positive | Yes | RT-PCR |
| Girometti, N. et al. [37] | 2022 | Cohort study | United Kingdom | 54 | 54 | Median: 41 (34–45) | M | MSM | HIV (n = 13) syphilis (n = 14), herpes simplex (n = 24) and gonorrhea (n = 13) |
Positive | Yes | RT-PCR |
| Noe, S. et al. [38] | 2022 | Case report | Germany | 2 | 1 | 26 | M | MSM | HIV | Positive | Yes | RT-PCR |
| 2 | 32 | M | MSM | NR | NR | NR | RT-PCR | |||||
| Jang, Y.R. et al. [39] | 2022 | Case report | Korea | 1 | 1 | 34 | M | MSM | None | NR | NR | RT-PCR |
| Maronese, C.A. et al. [40] | 2022 | Case report | Italy | 1 | 1 | 44 | M | MSM | Hepatitis C, HIV, syphilis | Positive | Yes | RT-PCR |
| Peiró-Mestres, A. et al. [41] | 2022 | Case report | Spain | 12 | 1 | 30 | M | MSM | None | Positive (n = 4) | Yes | RT-PCR |
| 2 | 30 | M | MSM | Syphilis | Yes | RT-PCR | ||||||
| 3 | 40 | M | MSM | None | Yes | RT-PCR | ||||||
| 4 | 40 | M | MSM | None | Yes | RT-PCR | ||||||
| 5 | 40 | M | MSM | None | Yes | RT-PCR | ||||||
| 6 | 30 | M | MSM | None | Yes | RT-PCR | ||||||
| 7 | 40 | M | MSM | None | Yes | RT-PCR | ||||||
| 8 | 50 | M | MSM | Syphilis | Yes | RT-PCR | ||||||
| 9 | 40 | M | MSM | None | Yes | RT-PCR | ||||||
| 10 | 30 | M | MSM | None | Yes | RT-PCR | ||||||
| 11 | 30 | M | MSM | None | Yes | RT-PCR | ||||||
| 12 | 30 | M | MSM | Chlamydia y gonorrhea | Yes | RT-PCR | ||||||
| Iñigo Martínez, J. et al. [42] | 2022 | Case report | Spain | 508 | 427 | Median: 35 (18–67) | M (n = 503) F (n = 5) |
MSM (n = 397) | NR | Positive (n = 225) | Yes | RT-PCR |
| Selb, R. et al. [43] | 2022 | Case report | Germany | 521 | 349 | Median: 38 (32–44) | M | MSM (n = 349) | NR | NR | Yes | RT-PCR |
| Tarín-Vicente, E.J. et al. [44] | 2022 | Cohort study | Spain | 181 | 181 | Median: 37 (31–42) | M (n = 175) F (n = 6) |
MSM (n = 166) MSW (n = 15) |
HIV (n = 72) | Positive | Yes | RT-PCR |
| Ogoina, D. et al. [45] | 2022 | Cross-sectional study | Nigeria | 16 | 16 | Median: 28 (22–43) | M (n = 12)F (n = 4) | MSW (n = 16) | HIV (n = 3) | Positive (n = 3) | Yes | RT-PCR |
| Orviz, E. et al. [46] | 2022 | Observational study | Spain | 48 | 48 | Median: 35 (29–44) | M | MSM (n = 42) | HIV (n = 19) | Positive (n = 19) | Yes | RT-PCR |
| Patel, A. et al. [47] | 2022 | Case report | United Kingdom | 197 | 197 | Median: 38 (32–42) | M | MSM | HIV (n = 70) | Positive (n = 70) | Yes | RT-PCR |
| Pfäfflin, F. et al. [48] | 2022 | Case report | Germany | 1 | 1 | Range (41–50) | M | MSM | None | Positive | Yes | RT-PCR |
| 2 | 2 | Range (21–30) | M | MSM | None | Negative | Yes | RT-PCR | ||||
| 3 | 3 | Range (31–40) | M | MSM | None | Negative | Yes | RT-PCR | ||||
| 4 | 4 | Range (31–40) | M | MSM | Syphilis (blood), gonorrhea (rectal) | Negative | Yes | RT-PCR | ||||
| 5 | 5 | Range (21–30) | M | MSM | Gonorrhea, Ureaplasma, Mycoplasma hominis (all urethral) | Negative | Yes | RT-PCR | ||||
| 6 | 6 | Range (31–40) | M | MSM | Gonorrhea (rectal) | Positive | Yes | RT-PCR | ||||
| Philpott, D. et al. [49] | 2022 | Case report | United States | 1195 | 1123 | Median: 35 (30–41) | M (n = 1178) F (n = 5) |
MSM | HIV (n = 490) | Positive (n = 490) | Yes | RT-PCR |
| Raccagni, A.R. et al. [50] | 2022 | Case report | Italy | 36 | 36 | Median: 41.5 (31.25–35.5) | M | MSM | HIV (n = 15) | Positive (n = 15) | Yes | RT-PCR |
| Rodríguez, B.S. et al. [51] | 2022 | Case report | Spain | 1256 | 1256 | Median: 37 | M (n = 1242) F (n = 14) |
MSM | NR | NR | Yes | RT-PCR |
| Vusirikala, A. et al. [52] | 2022 | Case report | United Kingdom | 45 | 45 | Median: 37 | M | GBMSM | HIV (n = 11) | Positive (n = 11) | Yes | RT-PCR |
MSM: men who have sex with men; MSW: men who have sex with women; GBMSM: gay or bisexual or other men who have sex with men; STI: sexually transmitted infection; HIV: human immunodeficiency virus; RT-PCR: Polymerase chain reaction with reverse transcriptase; M/F: Male/Female; NR: No report.