Figure 2.

A simplified schematic of CAF subtypes centred around bladder cancer and their similarity with CAFs reported in other common cancers. Derived from a common CAF progenitor (25) and activated by IL-1 and TGFβ (26), in bladder cancer inflammatory CAFs (iCAFs) and myofibroblast CAFs (myCAFs) are delineated by PDGFRα and RGS5 (56). These CAF subtypes and others have been described in other common cancers, such as pancreatic (24), head and neck (55) and breast (53) with their own respective protein markers or transcriptional profiles. Figure adapted from Obradovic et al., 2022. Figure created with Biorender.com.