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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Nov 1.
Published in final edited form as: Dev Psychobiol. 2022 Nov;64(7):e22313. doi: 10.1002/dev.22313

Table 4.

Regression Models Testing Mothers’ Cognitive and Affective Empathy at Time 1 Predicting Toddlers’ Social-Emotional Competencies and Problems at Time 2

Model 3 Predicting Social-Emotional Competencies B SE β 95%CI p

 Intercept 1.186 1.111 <.001 [−.18, .18] >.999
 Infant Negative Emotionality −.045 .102 −.042 [−.23,.15] .658
 Dispositional Cognitive Empathy .015 .019 .075 [−.11, .15] .434
 Dispositional Affective Empathy .010 .022 .047 [−.16, .25] .651
 Parental Cognitive Empathy .019 .016 .131 [−.08, .34] .227
 Parental Affective Empathy .028 .019 .156 [−.05, .37] .142

Model 4 Predicting Social-Emotional Problems B SE β 95%CI p

 Intercept 5.349 1.178 <.001 [−.16, .16] >.999
 Infant Negative Emotionality .209 .108 .171 [.00, .35] .056
 Dispositional Cognitive Empathy −.045 .021 −.192 [−.37, −.02] .033
 Dispositional Affective Empathy .026 .023 .110 [−.08, .30] .256
 Parental Cognitive Empathy −.060 .017 −.355 [−.55, −.16] <.001
 Parental Affective Empathy −.004 .020 −.017 [−.21, .18] .859

Note. B, unstandardized beta. SE, standard error associated with unstandardized beta. β, standardized beta. p, p-value. Bolded p-values indicate significant associations after correcting for multiple comparisons.