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. 2022 Oct 25;12(10):e061978. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-061978

Table 1.

Wales and Australian standardised measures of the built environment

Built environment feature Indicative BE variables Data source
Wales Australia
Outdoor home environment Home garden/yard space and vegetation Aerial imagery, NDVI/EVI Aerial imagery, NDVI/EVI, Urban Monitor, Landgate (cadastre)
Child-relevant walkability Road traffic exposure, dwelling density, residence type, street connectivity, one-way node count, land use mix, ‘local living score’, public transport stops OS MasterMap, OSM Landgate, Main Roads Western Australia, Western Australian Public Transport Authority, Valuer General Office, OSM
Child-relevant green/blue space Public open space type (park, school grounds, natural, club/playgrounds, residual green space), park size category (pocket/small, medium/large, district/regional), park features and attractiveness, vegetation, blue space (distance to coast) OS MasterMap and green space, OSM University of Western Australia–Centre for the Built Environment and Health, Landgate
Child-relevant destinations and features Playgroups, childcare centres, before and after school care services, kindergarten/nurseries, primary school, secondary school, other Local authority data, OSM Playgroup WA, Western Australian Department of Local Government, Sport and Cultural Industries, Department of Education, Department of Transport, Department of Planning, Lands and Heritage, Department of Health
Socioeconomic status Such as household level of income WIMD, individual-level SES data in SAIL Databank Socio-Economic Indexes for Areas (SEIFA)
Household location Required to derive other measures UPRN (OS), linked to RALF within SAIL database Property Street Address (PSA), GNAF

BE, Built Environment; EVI, Enhanced Vegetation Index; GNAF, Geoscape Geocoded National Address File; NDVI, Normalised Difference Vegetation Index; OS, Ordnance Survey; OSM, OpenStreetMap; RALF, Residential Anonymised Linking Field; SAIL, Secure Anonymised Information Linkage; SES, socioeconomic status; UPRN, Unique Property Reference Number; WIMD, Welsh Index of Multiple Deprivation.