Table 6.

Comparison of studies of snakebite patients who received QSMI antivenoms.

Characteristics	Previous [11] Thai Study (2008)	Laos Study [17] (2016)	Our Study
Study period (duration in years)	1997–2006 (10)	2013–2015 (3)	2016–2017 (2)
Study design	Retrospective	Prospective	Retrospective
Age in years: Median (range)	39.3 ± 16.3 (mean ± SD)	32 (1.5–80)	38 (0.6–97)
Gender: Male (%)	60	68	60
No. of patients receiving AV	254	43	684
No. of patients with EARs	9	23	154
Incidence of EARs/Severe reactions (%)	3.5/1.6	53/30	22.5/2.6
Type of AV given in each study (%)	GPV = 83.5% Cobra = 12.6% RV = 2.4% MPV = 1.6%	MPV = 53.5% GPV = 16.3% Cobra = 7.0% MK = 4.7% HPAV = 11.6% NPAV = 7.0%	GPV = 29.5% MPV = 24.5% Cobra = 18.4% HPAV = 12.6% NPAV = 6.3% RV = 5.9% MK = 2.2% KC = 0.6%
Method of administration	diluted 100 mL/dose IV drip in 1 h	Undiluted (diluent 10 mL/vial IV drip 50 mL/h	diluted 100 mL/dose IV drip in 1 h

AV; antivenom, EARs; early adverse reactions, BK; banded krait, GPV; green pit viper, HPAV; hemato polyvalent antivenom, KC; king cobra, MK; Malayan krait, MPV; Malayan pit viper, NPAV; neuro polyvalent antivenom, RV; Russell’s viper, IV; intravenous.