Table 1.
Characteristics of participants reporting breakfast in both, one or no recalls (N (%)).
| Characteristics | Total (N = 23,758) |
Reported Breakfast in Both Recalls (N = 18,486) |
Reported Breakfast in One Recall (N = 3828) |
Reported Breakfast in No Recalls (N = 1444) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DII (Mean (SE)) | −0.10 (0.04) | −0.36 (0.03) | 0.52 (0.06) | 1.55 (0.09) | |
| Dietary inflammation (N (%)) | |||||
| Anti-Inflammatory diet | 11,558 | 9822 (58.2) | 1397 (39.6) | 339 (23.1) | |
| Pro-Inflammatory diet | 12,200 | 8664 (41.8) | 2431(60.4) | 1105 (76.9) | |
| BMI (Mean (SE)) | 29.15 (0.10) | 29.00 (0.10) | 29.53(0.18) | 30.21 (0.26) | |
| BMI group (N (%)) | |||||
| Under & healthy weight | 6613 | 5091 (28.9) | 1116 (31.3) | 406 (28.4) | |
| Overweight | 7735 | 6231 (33.9) | 1117 (28.3) | 387 (25.9) | |
| Obese | 9410 | 7164 (37.2) | 1595 (40.4) | 651 (45.7) | |
| Energy (Mean (SE)) | 2070.57 (9.87) | 2084.77 (11.02) | 2067.18 (21.47) | 1896.49 (31.26) | |
| Age (N (%)) | |||||
| 20–39 | 7603 | 5026 (31.2) | 1756 (50.4) | 821 (63.1) | |
| 40–59 | 8005 | 6341 (38.8) | 1250 (34.9) | 414 (28.0) | |
| ≥60 | 8150 | 7119 (30.0) | 822 (14.7) | 209 (8.9) | |
| Sex (N (%)) | |||||
| Male | 11,474 | 8680 (46.7) | 1946 (52.3) | 850 (60.4) | |
| Female | 12,284 | 9806 (53.3) | 1882 (47.7) | 606 (39.6) | |
| Race (N (%)) | |||||
| Non-Hispanic White | 10,550 | 8460 (69.6) | 1527 (62.4) | 563 (59.4) | |
| Other | 13,208 | 10,026 (30.4) | 2301 (37.6) | 881 (40.6) | |
| Education status (N (%)) | |||||
| Below high school | 5203 | 4063 (13.7) | 828 (15.5) | 312 (16.1) | |
| High school | 5417 | 4034 (21.4) | 953 (25.5) | 430 (33.4) | |
| Above high school | 13,138 | 10,389 (64.9) | 2047 (59.0) | 702 (50.5) | |
| Marital status (N (%)) | |||||
| Living alone | 9485 | 6847 (33.6) | 1832 (45.6) | 806 (56.7) | |
| Living with someone | 14,273 | 11,639 (66.4) | 1996 (54.4) | 638 (43.3) | |
| Income status (N (%)) | |||||
| ≤130% FPL | 7394 | 5284 (18.9) | 1489 (30.1) | 621 (34.6) | |
| >130 to ≤350% FPL | 9000 | 7097 (35.2) | 1375 (33.9) | 528 (35.3) | |
| >350% FPL | 7364 | 6105 (45.9) | 964 (36.0) | 295 (30.1) | |
| Smoking status (N (%)) | |||||
| Never | 13,183 | 10,509 (57.7) | 1962 (51.6) | 712 (49.9) | |
| Former | 5943 | 4938 (26.7) | 793 (20.4) | 212 (13.8) | |
| Current | 4632 | 3039 (15.6) | 1073 (28.0) | 520 (36.3) | |
| Physical activity (N (%)) | |||||
| Inactive | 9397 | 7371 (34.6) | 1476 (33.7) | 550 (35.6) | |
| Active | 14,361 | 11,115 (65.4) | 2352 (66.3) | 894 (64.4) | |
| Diabetes (N (%)) | |||||
| No | 20,475 | 15,743 (89.4) | 3425 (92.7) | 1307 (92.7) | |
| Yes | 3283 | 2743 (10.6) | 403 (7.3) | 137 (7.3) | |