Table 2.
Subgroup analysis of region, year of Publication, study design, and control group origin.
| Hyperthyroidism | Subclinical hyperthyroidism | Hypothyroidism | Subclinical hypothyroidism | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR, 95%CI | I2%, P | OR, 95%CI | I2%, P | OR, 95%CI | I2%, P | OR, 95%CI | I2%, P | ||
| Region | Europe | 1.43(0.47,4.38) | 0.00%, P=0.634 | 2.53(0.97,6.58) | 0.00%, P=0.954 | 3.92(1.33,11.57) | 14.2%, P=0.324 | 1.61(0.84,3.10) | 0.00%, P=0.818 |
| Asia | 1.68(1.22,2.30) | 75.3%, P=0.001 | 1.91(0.85,4.27) | 24.3%, P=0.265 | 2.54(1.82,3.54) | 84.8%, P=0.000 | 3.17(1.31,7.70) | 76.6%, P=0.000 | |
| Africa | 5.17(0.24,110.01) | – | 2.09(0.72,6.05) | 32.4%, P=0.224 | 5.51(1.64,18.58) | 0.00%, P=0.620 | 1.31(0.39,4.48) | 0.00%, P=0.885 | |
| Americas | – | – | – | – | 1.56(1.05,2.34) | 69.0%, P=0.012 | 2.41(0.54,10.80) | 83.3%, P=0.003 | |
| Year of Publication | 2011–2022 | 1.56(1.21,2.02) | 63.8%, P=0.017 | 2.11(1.17,3.83) | 0.00%, P=0.453 | 1.84(1.45,2.33) | 76.5%, P=0.000 | 1.49(0.86,2.60) | 59.2%, P=0.009 |
| 1991–2010 | 3.63(0.65,20.32) | 57.0%, P=0.073 | 2.22(0.67,7.33) | 0.00%, P=0.897 | 3.72(2.56,5.40) | 4.40%, P=0.398 | 4.43(1.78,11.03) | 56.5%, P=0.032 | |
| Study design | Case-control study | 1.70(1.52,1.89) | 0.00%, P=0.610 | 1.91(1.06,3.43) | 0.00%, P=0.522 | 2.75(1.89,4.00) | 71.3%, P=0.000 | 1.88(1.15,3.08) | 45.7%, P=0.042 |
| Cross-section research | 4.46(0.53,37.74) | 77.2%, P=0.012 | 3.50(0.93,3.15) | 0.00%, P=0.966 | 2.62(1.48,4.66) | 78.6%, P=0.000 | 6.20(3.09,12.42) | 0.00%, P=0.420 | |
| Control group origin | Non-RA control | 1.48(1.23,1.79) | 41.2%, P=0.116 | 1.78(0.85,3.75) | 0.00%, P=0.696 | 1.76(1.42,2.19) | 74.0%, P=0.000 | 1.76(0.86,3.61) | 69.8%, P=0.002 |
| Health control | 9.75(3.12,30.48) | 0.00%, P=0.488 | 2.58(1.20,5.54) | 0.00%, P=0.552 | 5.68(2.65,12.19) | 59.0%, P=0.009 | 2.82(1.33,5.96) | 57.2%, P=0.017 | |
I2 indicates the level of heterogeneity. RA, rheumatoid arthritis.